x64_ubuntu22.04.5安装：cuda driver + cuda toolkit
引言
本文操作均已实践验证，安装流程来自nvidia官方文档，验证平台显卡：RTX4070。
验证日期：2025.5.24.
1.安装cuda driver
1.1.安装方式有2种，这里选择方式1：
- 从apt安装最省事💖，不需要自己去看官方文档确认能安装哪个版本的驱动
- 从nvidia官网下载（.deb包）安装，官方驱动安装文档
1.2.安装cuda driver的前置条件
- 官方给出支持 CUDA 的显卡型号
- 官方给出的cuda driver安装前置条件，包括：系统版本、内核版本、GCC版本、内核头文件版本
1.3.开始安装
查看系统推荐的最高驱动版本，从返回信息中寻找recommended行，推荐版本为nvidia-driver-570
$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002786sv00001458sd000040E6bc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
driver : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-545 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-550 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-570-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-570-server-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-570-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-545-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-570 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-550-open - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
所以我们直接安装nvidia-driver-570即可，如果系统已安装其他版本驱动，此命令会自动清除原有驱动版本，并安装命令指定的驱动版本。
$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-570
重启并验证
$ reboot
$ nvidia-smi
Sat May 24 20:00:37 2025
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 570.133.07 Driver Version: 570.133.07 CUDA Version: 12.8 |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Off | 00000000:01:00.0 On | N/A |
| 0% 41C P8 9W / 215W | 330MiB / 12282MiB | 9% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=========================================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 2704 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 85MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 2887 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 19MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 3779 C /usr/NX/bin/nxnode.bin 189MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2.安装cuda toolkit
2.1.安装cuda toolkit的前置条件
cuda toolkit版本的选择依据：官方给出的cuda toolkit安装前置条件，此处截取部份表格出来给大家看看👇，第1章中我们安装的驱动版本是nvidia-driver-570，所以可安装的最新的cuda toolkit版本为12.8
2.2.卸载旧版本的cuda toolkit
官方文档的卸载命令
$ apt remove --purge "*cuda*" "*cublas*" "*cufft*" "*cufile*" "*curand*" "*cusolver*" "*cusparse*" "*gds-tools*" "*npp*" "*nvjpeg*" "nsight*" "*nvvm*"
$ apt autoremove --purge
2.3.开始安装
官方文档的安装命令
$ wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu2204.pin
$ sudo mv cuda-ubuntu2204.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
$ wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.1/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu2204-12-8-local_12.8.1-570.124.06-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu2204-12-8-local_12.8.1-570.124.06-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo cp /var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2204-12-8-local/cuda-*-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install cuda-toolkit-12-8
重启电脑
$ reboot
安装完成后需要配置环境变量，官方文档的环境变量配置命令
$ echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.8/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12.8/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
验证安装
$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2025 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Fri_Feb_21_20:23:50_PST_2025
Cuda compilation tools, release 12.8, V12.8.93
Build cuda_12.8.r12.8/compiler.35583870_0