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在linux平台下利用mingw64编译windows程序

news 来源：原创 2025/5/20 8:49:36

背景

笔者平时都是基于linux平台开发C++代码，已经熟悉使用CMake这一套工具
上一次开发windows应用程序还要追溯到10多年前，彼时还是使用微软的visual studio这个IDE，这个IDE确实也很强大，但也确实很笨重，当时用起来也很不方便（貌似现在也进化了不少）
最近偶然需要开发一个windows平台的应用程序，第一个想法是在linux平台下跨平台编译，但后来出现了一些问题
此文也作为一个简单的记录，以一个简单的示例来说明：视频抽帧程序，扫描输入目录，将视频按照指定间隔抽帧，然后存储在输出目录
样例代码（完整代码，可直接编译运行）：https://download.csdn.net/download/Garfield2005/90868131

写的比较简单，有问题请留言

开发过程

ubuntu系统下编译windows程序（使用cmake）

安装环境

需要借助mingw-64

# https://www.mingw-w64.org/getting-started/debian/
apt update
apt install g++-mingw-w64-x86-64 gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64
# 选择合适版本的mingw（需要和其他库匹配，比如opencv的编译使用了posix，那么就需要选择使用对应的mingw）
update-alternatives --config x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++

编写CMakelist

# CMakelist.txtcmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
project(video_frame_extractor)add_compile_options(-posix)
add_link_options(-posix)# 设置 C++ 标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) # 禁用编译器扩展，确保标准兼容性# add_definitions(-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1)# set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
# set(INSTALL_PATH ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH})
set(INSTALL_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)# 添加可选参数以支持交叉编译 Windows
option(BUILD_WIN "Build for Windows (cross-compile)" OFF)
option(WIN_VERSION "Windows version" 10)# 查找标准线程库
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)if(BUILD_WIN)set(INSTALL_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/win-${WIN_VERSION})set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows)set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc)set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++)set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -lstdc++fs")set(OpenCV_ROOT_DIR "/data/opencv/OpenCV-4.9.0-MinGW64/x64/mingw")set(OpenCV_DIR "${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/lib")
endif()find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
include_directories(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
message(STATUS "OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
message(STATUS "OpenCV_LIBS: ${OpenCV_LIBS}")
# 输出 OpenCV 的完整版本号
message(STATUS "OpenCV version: ${OpenCV_VERSION}")
# 输出 OpenCV 的主版本号
message(STATUS "OpenCV major version: ${OpenCV_VERSION_MAJOR}")
# 输出 OpenCV 的次版本号
message(STATUS "OpenCV minor version: ${OpenCV_VERSION_MINOR}")
# 输出 OpenCV 的补丁版本号
message(STATUS "OpenCV patch version: ${OpenCV_VERSION_PATCH}")
set (OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT "${OpenCV_VERSION_MAJOR}${OpenCV_VERSION_MINOR}${OpenCV_VERSION_PATCH}")# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} video_extract_frames.cpp)# 链接 OpenCV 库
if(BUILD_WIN)target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}${OpenCV_LIBS}winpthreadstdc++fs)# 复制多个库文件file(COPY"${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/libopencv_core${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}.dll""${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/libopencv_imgcodecs${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}.dll""${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/libopencv_imgproc${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}.dll""${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/libopencv_video${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}.dll""${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/libopencv_videoio${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}.dll""${OpenCV_ROOT_DIR}/bin/opencv_videoio_ffmpeg${OpenCV_VERSION_WITHOUT_DOT}_64.dll"DESTINATION "${INSTALL_PATH}")file(COPY"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/win/libwinpthread-1.dll""${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/win/libgcc_s_seh-1.dll""${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/win/libstdc++-6.dll"DESTINATION "${INSTALL_PATH}")install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} DESTINATION ${INSTALL_PATH})
else()target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} pthread ${OpenCV_LIBS})
endif()

编译

# make_win.sh
win_version=11
dir=$(cd $(dirname $0); pwd)
rm -rf $dir/build-win-$win_version
mkdir $dir/build-win-$win_version
cd $dir/build-win-$win_versioncmake -DBUILD_WIN=ON \-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Windows \-DWIN_VERSION=$win_version \-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc \-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ \..
make -j32
make install

注意事项

由于是基于migw64进行编译，所以依赖的库如opencv也需要使用同样的方法编译（具体编译方法可检索：mingw64 opencv在windows平台的编译方法，可能后续我再具体写一篇）
对于opencv，网上也有编译好的，但不见得满足具体需求，给一个参考地址：https://github.com/huihut/OpenCV-MinGW-Build