QT6 源（105）篇二：阅读与注释 QAction，给出源代码
（5）本源代码来自于头文件 qaction . h ：
#ifndef QACTION_H
#define QACTION_H#include <QtGui/qtguiglobal.h>
#if QT_CONFIG(shortcut)
# include <QtGui/qkeysequence.h>
#endif
#include <QtGui/qicon.h>
#include <QtCore/qstring.h>
#include <QtCore/qvariant.h>QT_REQUIRE_CONFIG(action);QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE //说明本类定义于 Qt 的全局命名空间class QActionEvent;
class QActionGroup;
class QActionPrivate;#ifndef QT_NO_DEBUG_STREAM //说明本类的指针可以用于打印
Q_GUI_EXPORT QDebug operator<<(QDebug, const QAction *);
#endifclass Q_GUI_EXPORT QAction : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTQ_DECLARE_PRIVATE(QAction)//此属性表示 Action是否可见(例如在菜单和工具栏中),//如果visible为true，则该 QAction可以被用户看到(例如在菜单和工具栏中)并选择;//如果visible为false,则该 QAction不能被用户看到或选择。 ////不可见的 QAction不会变灰;它们根本不会显示。 默认情况下，此属性为真(QAction可见)。Q_PROPERTY(bool visible //表本菜单项是否可见READ isVisible WRITE setVisibleNOTIFY visibleChanged FINAL)//此属性包含动作的描述性文本。机器翻译总把 action控件翻译为操作，不再修改了，下同。//如果该操作被添加到菜单中，菜单选项将包括图标(如果有的话)、文本和快捷键(如果有的话)。//如果在构造函数中没有显式设置文本，或者使用setText()设置了文本，//则该操作的描述图标文本 iconText将被用作文本。没有默认文本。Q_PROPERTY(QString text //这是菜单栏里的按钮文本READ text WRITE setTextNOTIFY changed) //若本属性为空，则用 iconText替代为本属性值Q_PROPERTY(QString iconText //这是工具栏里的按钮文本READ iconText WRITE setIconTextNOTIFY changed) //同一个信号函数//此属性持有操作图标。//在工具栏中，该图标用作工具按钮图标;在菜单中，它显示在菜单文本的左侧。没有默认图标。//如果将空图标(Olcon::isNull())传递给此函数，则清除动作的图标。Q_PROPERTY(QIcon icon //本按钮的图片READ icon WRITE setIconNOTIFY changed)//此属性表示操作是否应在菜单中显示图标。//在某些应用程序中，在工具栏中添加带有图标的操作可能是有意义的，但在菜单中则不然。//如果为真则图标(如果有效)将在菜单中显示，如果为假，则不会显示。//默认情况下，会遵循是否为该应用程序设置了 Qt::AA DontShowlconsInMenus属性。//显式设置此属性会覆盖该属性的存在(或不存在)。Q_PROPERTY(bool iconVisibleInMenu //菜单栏里的按钮图标是否可见READ isIconVisibleInMenu WRITE setIconVisibleInMenuNOTIFY changed)//此属性包含操作的提示信息。此文本用于工具提示。如果没有指定工具提示，则使用动作的文本。//默认情况下，此属性包含操作的文字。 By default, this property contains the action's text.Q_PROPERTY(QString toolTip //工具栏里的按钮提示词READ toolTip WRITE setToolTipNOTIFY changed)Q_PROPERTY(QString statusTip //状态栏里的按钮提示词，可以写更长READ statusTip WRITE setStatusTipNOTIFY changed) //若状态栏包含有常备控件，则本提示词具备顶级显示的权力//此属性持有操作的状态提示。状态提示显示在由动作的顶级父控件提供的所有状态栏上。//默认情况下，此属性包含一个空字符串。Q_PROPERTY(QString whatsThis //用于存储对本菜单项的帮助文本 help，内容READ whatsThis WRITE setWhatsThisNOTIFY changed)//This property holds the action's "What's This?" help text。//The "What's This?" text is used to provide a brief description of the action.//The text may contain rich text. There is no default "What's This?" text.//此属性持有动作的字体。字体属性用于渲染设置在QAction上的文本。//字体可以被视为一个提示，因为根据应用程序和样式它不会在所有情况下被咨询。//默认情况下，此属性包含应用程序的默认字体。Q_PROPERTY(QFont font //按菜单项上的字体READ font WRITE setFontNOTIFY changed)//class Q_GUI_EXPORT QKeySequence。//Returns the primary shortcut. Note: Getter function for property shortcut.Q_PROPERTY(QKeySequence shortcut //快捷键READ shortcut WRITE setShortcutNOTIFY changed)//enum Qt::ShortcutContext { WidgetShortcut, WindowShortcut,// ApplicationShortcut, WidgetWithChildrenShortcut };Q_PROPERTY(Qt::ShortcutContext shortcutContext //识别快捷键的范围READ shortcutContext WRITE setShortcutContextNOTIFY changed)//This property holds the context for the action's shortcut.//Valid values for this property can be found in Qt::ShortcutContext.//The default value is Qt::WindowShortcut.//此属性表示操作是否应在上下文菜单中显示快捷方式。//在某些应用程序中，在上下文菜单中设置具有快捷方式的操作是有意义的。//如果为真，则在通过上下文菜单显示操作时显示快捷方式(如果有效)，如果为假，则不显示。//默认情况下，会遵循是否为该应用程序启用了 Qt::AA_DontShowShortcutsInContextMenus 属性。//显式设置此属性将覆盖该属性。Explicitly setting this property overrides the attribute.Q_PROPERTY(bool shortcutVisibleInContextMenuREAD isShortcutVisibleInContextMenuWRITE setShortcutVisibleInContextMenuNOTIFY changed) //表在右键快捷菜单中是否显示快捷键//此属性表示操作是否可以自动重复。//如果为真，则在系统上启用键盘自动重复的情况下，当按下键盘快捷键组合时，该操作将自动重复。默认值为真。//This property holds whether the action can auto repeat.//If true, the action will auto repeat when the// keyboard shortcut combination is held down,//provided that keyboard auto repeat is enabled on the system.//The default value is true.Q_PROPERTY(bool autoRepeat //表快捷键被频繁按下时，Action是否会连续触发READ autoRepeat WRITE setAutoRepeatNOTIFY changed)//此属性持有动作的菜单角色。这表明该操作在macOS应用程序菜单中起什么作用。//默认情况下，所有操作都具有TextHeuristicRole，这意味着操作是根据其文本添加的//(请参阅OMenuBar以获取更多信息)。//在 macOs 中，只能在将操作放入菜单栏之前(通常是在第一个应用程序窗口显示之前)更改菜单角色。Q_PROPERTY(MenuRole menuRole //本属性仅仅用于 macOS，表本菜单项的作用READ menuRole WRITE setMenuRoleNOTIFY changed)//此属性表示操作是否启用。禁用操作不能被用户选择。它们不会从菜单或工具栏中消失，//但会以显示它们不可用的方式显示。例如，它们可能仅以灰色显示。//What's This? help on disabled actions is still available,//只要设置了 QAction::whatsThis 属性。//An action will be disabled when all widgets to which it is added// (with QWidget::addAction()) are disabled or not visible.//当动作被禁用时，无法通过其快捷键触发它。默认情况下，此属性为真(动作已启用)。Q_PROPERTY(bool enabled //本按钮是否可用READ isEnabled WRITE setEnabledNOTIFY enabledChangedRESET resetEnabled FINAL)//This property holds whether the action is a checkable action.//A checkable action is one which has an on/off state.//For example, in a word processor, a Bold toolbar button may be either on or off.//An action which is not a toggle action is a command action;//a command action is simply executed, e.g. file save.//By default, this property is false. In some situations,//the state of one toggle action should depend on the state of others.//For example, "Left Align", "Center" and "Right Align" toggle actions are//mutually exclusive. To achieve exclusive toggling,//add the relevant toggle actions to a QActionGroup with the// QActionGroup::exclusive property set to true.Q_PROPERTY(bool checkable //本按钮是否可复选READ isCheckable WRITE setCheckableNOTIFY checkableChanged FINAL)Q_PROPERTY(bool checked //本复选按钮是否被按下READ isChecked WRITE setCheckedNOTIFY toggled) //复选按钮的按下与弹起有了变化//This property holds whether the action is checked.//Only checkable actions can be checked.//By default, this is false (the action is unchecked).//Note: The notifier signal for this property is toggled().//As toggling a QAction changes its state, it will also emit a changed() signal.//经测试：信号函数 toggled ( ) 确实还会触发一次 changed ( ) 信号函数Q_PROPERTY(Priority priority //表本菜单项在 UI上的优先级，默认 Normal而非 Low。READ priority WRITE setPriority) //枚举 Priority就定义在本类//此属性在用户界面中保存操作的优先级。//可以设置此属性以指示在用户界面中应如何对操作进行优先级排序。//例如，当工具栏具有 Qt::ToolButtonTextBesidelcon 模式设置时，//具有低优先级的 QAction将不会显示文本标签，而只显示图片。//经测试：当工具栏具有 ToolButtonTextUnderlcon属性时，低优先级的工具栏按钮依然会显示文字。private:Q_DISABLE_COPY(QAction)friend class QActionGroup; //这些全是友元类friend class QWidget;friend class QMenu;friend class QMenuPrivate;friend class QToolButton;friend class QGraphicsWidget;QObject * menuObject() const;void setMenuObject(QObject * object);protected:bool event(QEvent *) override;QAction(QActionPrivate & dd, QObject * parent);public://Constructs an action with parent.//If parent is an action group ，//the action will be automatically inserted into the group.explicit QAction(QObject * parent = nullptr);//Constructs an action with some text and parent.//If parent is an action group ，//the action will be automatically inserted into the group.explicit QAction(const QString & text, QObject * parent = nullptr);//该操作使用文本的精简版本(例如，“&Menu Option...”变为“MenuOption”)作为工具按钮的描述性文本。//您可以通过使用setText()设置特定的描述来覆盖此设置。//除非您使用setToolTip()指定不同的文本，否则相同的文本将用于工具提示。explicit QAction(const QIcon & icon, //参数 parent也可以不是窗体组件，而是 QActionGroupconst QString & text, QObject * parent = nullptr);//Constructs an action with an icon and some text and parent.~QAction();//Q_PROPERTY(bool visible //表本菜单项是否可见
// READ isVisible WRITE setVisible
// NOTIFY visibleChanged FINAL)bool isVisible() const;
public Q_SLOTS:void setVisible(bool);
Q_SIGNALS:void visibleChanged();public:
//Q_PROPERTY(QString text //这是菜单栏里的按钮文本
// READ text WRITE setText
// NOTIFY changed) //若本属性为空，则用 iconText替代为本属性值QString text() const;void setText(const QString & text);
Q_SIGNALS:void changed();public:
//Q_PROPERTY(QString iconText //这是工具栏里的按钮文本
// READ iconText WRITE setIconText
// NOTIFY changed) //同一个信号函数QString iconText() const;void setIconText(const QString & text); //同样的信号函数，略了//Q_PROPERTY(QIcon icon //本按钮的图片
// READ icon WRITE setIcon
// NOTIFY changed)QIcon icon() const;void setIcon(const QIcon & icon);//Q_PROPERTY(bool iconVisibleInMenu //菜单栏里的按钮图标是否可见
// READ isIconVisibleInMenu WRITE setIconVisibleInMenu
// NOTIFY changed)bool isIconVisibleInMenu() const;void setIconVisibleInMenu(bool visible);//Q_PROPERTY(QString toolTip //工具栏里的按钮提示词
// READ toolTip WRITE setToolTip
// NOTIFY changed)QString toolTip() const;void setToolTip(const QString & tip);//Q_PROPERTY(QString statusTip //状态栏里的按钮提示词，可以写更长
// READ statusTip WRITE setStatusTip
// NOTIFY changed) //若状态栏包含有常备控件，则本提示词具备顶级显示的权力QString statusTip() const;void setStatusTip(const QString & statusTip);//Q_PROPERTY(QString whatsThis //用于存储对本菜单项的帮助文本 help，内容
// READ whatsThis WRITE setWhatsThis
// NOTIFY changed)QString whatsThis() const;void setWhatsThis(const QString & what);//Q_PROPERTY(QFont font //按菜单项上的字体
// READ font WRITE setFont
// NOTIFY changed)QFont font() const;void setFont(const QFont & font);//Q_PROPERTY(QKeySequence shortcut //快捷键
// READ shortcut WRITE setShortcut
// NOTIFY changed)QKeySequence shortcut() const;void setShortcut(const QKeySequence & shortcut);//Returns the list of shortcuts, //说明允许为一个按钮绑定多个快捷键。// with the primary shortcut as the first element of the list.QList<QKeySequence> shortcuts() const; //class QKeySequence {...};void setShortcuts(const QList<QKeySequence> & shortcuts);//Sets shortcuts as the list of shortcuts that trigger the action.//The first element of the list is the primary shortcut.void setShortcuts(QKeySequence::StandardKey key);//Sets a platform dependent list of shortcuts based on the key.//调用此函数的结果取决于当前运行的平台。//请注意此操作可以分配多个快捷方式。如果只需要主快捷方式，请使用setShortcut。//Q_PROPERTY(Qt::ShortcutContext shortcutContext //识别快捷键的范围
// READ shortcutContext WRITE setShortcutContext
// NOTIFY changed)Qt::ShortcutContext shortcutContext() const;void setShortcutContext(Qt::ShortcutContext context);//Q_PROPERTY(bool shortcutVisibleInContextMenu
// READ isShortcutVisibleInContextMenu
// WRITE setShortcutVisibleInContextMenu
// NOTIFY changed) //表在右键快捷菜单中是否显示快捷键bool isShortcutVisibleInContextMenu() const;void setShortcutVisibleInContextMenu(bool show);//Q_PROPERTY(bool autoRepeat //表快捷键被频繁按下时，Action是否会连续触发
// READ autoRepeat WRITE setAutoRepeat
// NOTIFY changed)bool autoRepeat() const;void setAutoRepeat(bool);// note this is copied into qplatformmenu.h, which must stay in syncenum MenuRole {NoRole = 0,TextHeuristicRole,ApplicationSpecificRole,AboutQtRole,AboutRole,PreferencesRole,QuitRole};Q_ENUM( MenuRole )
//Q_PROPERTY(MenuRole menuRole //本属性仅仅用于 macOS，表本菜单项的作用
// READ menuRole WRITE setMenuRole
// NOTIFY changed)MenuRole menuRole() const;void setMenuRole(MenuRole menuRole);//Q_PROPERTY(bool enabled //本按钮是否可用
// READ isEnabled WRITE setEnabled
// NOTIFY enabledChanged
// RESET resetEnabled FINAL)bool isEnabled() const;
public Q_SLOTS:void setEnabled(bool);
Q_SIGNALS:void enabledChanged(bool enabled);
public Q_SLOTS:void resetEnabled();public:
//Q_PROPERTY(bool checkable //本按钮是否可复选
// READ isCheckable WRITE setCheckable
// NOTIFY checkableChanged FINAL)bool isCheckable() const;void setCheckable(bool);
Q_SIGNALS:void checkableChanged(bool checkable);public:
//Q_PROPERTY(bool checked //本复选按钮是否被按下
// READ isChecked WRITE setChecked
// NOTIFY toggled) //复选按钮的按下与弹起有了变化bool isChecked() const;
public Q_SLOTS:void setChecked(bool);
Q_SIGNALS:void toggled(bool);public:enum Priority {LowPriority = 0,NormalPriority = 128,HighPriority = 256};Q_ENUM( Priority )
//Q_PROPERTY(Priority priority //表本菜单项在 UI上的优先级，默认 Normal而非 Low。
// READ priority WRITE setPriority) //枚举 Priority就定义在本类Priority priority() const;void setPriority(Priority priority);//Returns true if this action is a separator action; otherwise it returns false.bool isSeparator() const;void setSeparator(bool b); //原来菜单栏里的分隔符也是 QAciton类型//If b is true then this action will be considered a separator.//分隔符的表示方式取决于它插入的组件。在大多数情况下，对于分隔符操作，文本、子菜单和图标将被忽略。QVariant data() const; //Returns the user data as set in QAction::setData.void setData(const QVariant & var); //看来可以为按钮关联一个任意类型的值//Sets the action's internal data to the given var.//Returns the action group for this action.//If no action group manages this action, then nullptr will be returned.QActionGroup * actionGroup() const;void setActionGroup(QActionGroup * group);//Sets this action group to group.//The action will be automatically added to the group's list of actions.//Actions within the group will be mutually exclusive.//官方注释指出：属于同一组的 QAction将自动互斥bool showStatusText(QObject * object = nullptr); //顾名思义，展示状态栏的文本//Updates the relevant status bar for the// UI represented by object by sending a QStatusTipEvent.//Returns true if an event was sent, otherwise returns false.//If a null widget is specified, the event is sent to the action's parent.QList<QObject *> associatedObjects() const; //比如本按钮既在菜单栏，又在工具栏里。//Returns a list of objects this action has been added to.enum ActionEvent {Trigger, //this will cause the QAction::triggered() signal to be emittedHover //this will cause the QAction::hovered() signal to be emitted.};void activate(ActionEvent event); //用于让QAction发射信号函数。本函数又被下面的函数调用//Sends the relevant signals for ActionEvent event.//Action-based widgets use this API to cause the QAction to emit// signals as well as emitting their own.public Q_SLOTS:// void setEnabled(bool);// void resetEnabled( );// void setVisible(bool);// void setChecked(bool);inline void setDisabled(bool b) { setEnabled(!b); } //借助 setEnabled()实现本函数//用程序的方法使复选框的选中状态发生改变。void toggle (); //Connect to it to change the checked state to its opposite state.void hover () { activate(Hover ); }//This is a convenience slot that calls activate(Hover).void trigger () { activate(Trigger); } //对按钮的实际触发操作，就叫 trigger//This is a convenience slot that calls activate(Trigger).
Q_SIGNALS://这个信号在用户激活某个操作时发出:例如，当用户单击菜单选项、工具栏按钮或按下某个操作的快捷键组合时，// 或者当调用trigger()时。值得注意的是，当调用setChecked()或toggle()时，它不会被释放。void triggered(bool checked = false); //本信号适用于所有的按钮，单选、复选或普通按钮。void hovered(); //用户对按钮的悬停操作。//此信号在用户高亮显示某个操作时发出;//例如，当用户将光标停留在菜单选项、工具栏按钮上或按下某个操作的快捷键组合时。//void enabledChanged(bool enabled );//void changed(); //当很多无关紧要的属性的值发生变化时，会触发本信号。//void checkableChanged(bool checkable);//void visibleChanged();//void toggled(bool); //本属性只适用于复选按钮，具有复选状态的按钮。//This signal is emitted whenever// a checkable action changes its isChecked()status.//This can be the result of a user interaction,// or because setChecked() was called.//As setChecked() changes the QAction,// it emits changed() in addition to toggled().//checked is true if the action is checked, or false if the action is unchecked.}; //完结 class QAction : public QObjectQT_END_NAMESPACE#endif // QACTION_H（6）
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