SAP ABAP 程序中归档数据读取方式
上一篇文章记录了字段目录，归档信息结构，这篇文章记录如何通过字段目录，归档信息结构，归档对象读取归档数据。未归档数据是从数据库表直接抽取，本样例是通过归档读取方式复写sql。
发布时间：2025.05.16
示例中用两种方式实现归档数据的读取，两种方式都利用了索引读取：
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用标准函数读取各个表的完整数据，下例中读取MSEG用了此种方法，这种方式可以读取归档对象中任何表的全部数据，劣势是随着读取数据量增大，耗时长。
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如果索引表中有我们需要读取的全部数据，可以直接读取索引表即可，无需进一步读取表的所有数据，这样比较高效。下例中读取EKPO用了此种方法。
总结：如果需要读取的字段多，则用标准函数读取表的全部字段；如果需要读取字段少，则直接读取索引表，在建信息结构时，需要包含这些字段。
完整代码如下
REPORT zmm_rpt_538_wu5.
TABLES:mseg.
TABLES:admi_files.
TYPES: ty_t_file_and_offset TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF aind_arkey,BEGIN OF ty_file,archivekey TYPE arkey,END OF ty_file,ty_t_file TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_file.DATA: gv_current_view TYPE tabname, " display the result . no need in the real programgt_files_and_offset_from_as TYPE aind_t_arkey. "mandatorySELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK zb WITH FRAME TITLE t1.SELECT-OPTIONS : s_werks FOR mseg-werks OBLIGATORY. "工厂SELECT-OPTIONS : s_mblnr FOR mseg-mblnr . "物料凭证SELECT-OPTIONS : s_lifnr FOR mseg-lifnr . "供应商SELECT-OPTIONS : s_matnr FOR mseg-matnr . "物料编号
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK zb.PARAMETERS:p_readdb TYPE boole_d DEFAULT 'X' NO-DISPLAY,p_readar TYPE boole_d NO-DISPLAY,p_readas TYPE boole_d DEFAULT 'X' NO-DISPLAY.
SELECT-OPTIONS s_files FOR admi_files-archiv_key NO-DISPLAY.START-OF-SELECTION.
*数据库数据获取SELECT m~werks,m~mblnr,m~mjahr,m~zeile,m~lifnr,m~matnr,m~menge,m~meinsFROM mseg AS mINNER JOIN ekpo AS e ON m~ebeln = e~ebeln AND m~ebelp = e~ebelpWHERE m~werks IN @s_werksAND m~matnr IN @s_matnrAND m~mblnr IN @s_mblnrAND m~lifnr IN @s_lifnrAND e~pstyp = '3'AND e~matnr IS NOT INITIALINTO TABLE @DATA(gt_data).
*归档数据获取PERFORM frm_integrate_data.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form frm_integrate_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& text
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& --> p1 text
*& <-- p2 text
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM frm_integrate_data .DATA:lt_selections TYPE rsds_frange_t.DATA:lt_selections1 TYPE rsds_frange_t.DATA:lt_ekpo TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ekpo.DATA:lt_mseg TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF mseg.DATA:lr_ebeln TYPE RANGE OF ebeln.DATA:lr_ebelp TYPE RANGE OF ebelp.DATA:lv_table TYPE tabname.*因为MSEG与EKPO关联，可直接过滤EBELN为空的数据APPEND VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'NE' low = '' ) TO lr_ebeln.
*筛选条件整合PERFORM frm_selection_build USING s_werks[]s_matnr[]s_mblnr[]s_lifnr[]lr_ebeln[]CHANGING lt_selections.
*读取归档数据PERFORM data_read_from_archive USING lt_selections " custom selectionss_files[] " 归档文件路径，不赋值不影响数据读取，赋值可以读取指定归档文件'X''MSEG' " table name'Z_MM_MATBEL04' " 字段目录'MM_MATBEL' " 归档对象CHANGING lt_mseg. "表类型必须与抽取表明一致SORT lt_mseg BY mblnr zeile mjahr.*整理已归档EBELN,EBELP用于查询EKPOCLEAR:lr_ebeln,lr_ebelp.LOOP AT lt_mseg ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<lfs_mseg>).APPEND VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = <lfs_mseg>-ebeln ) TO lr_ebeln.APPEND VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = <lfs_mseg>-ebelp ) TO lr_ebelp.ENDLOOP.IF lr_ebeln IS NOT INITIAL.SORT lr_ebeln BY sign option low. DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM lr_ebeln COMPARING ALL FIELDS.SORT lr_ebelp BY sign option low. DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM lr_ebelp COMPARING ALL FIELDS.*因为需要获取的字段在归档信息结构Z_DRB_EKKO_001对应的索引表中全部存在，所以只需要读取索引表的内容即可
*获取归档信息结构Z_DRB_EKKO_001对应的索引表名SELECT SINGLE gentab INTO @lv_table FROM aind_str2 WHERE archindex = 'Z_DRB_EKKO_001' AND active = 'X'.*从索引表中抽取字段SELECT a~ebeln,a~ebelpFROM (lv_table) AS aWHERE ebeln IN @lr_ebelnAND ebelp IN @lr_ebelpAND pstyp = '3'AND matnr IS NOT INITIALINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @lt_ekpo.SORT lt_ekpo BY ebeln ebelp.DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM lt_ekpo COMPARING ebeln ebelp.ENDIF.*整理归档数据整合至结果表中LOOP AT lt_mseg ASSIGNING <lfs_mseg>.READ TABLE lt_ekpo TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS WITH KEY ebeln = <lfs_mseg>-ebeln ebelp = <lfs_mseg>-ebelp BINARY SEARCH.IF sy-subrc = 0.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO gt_data ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<lfs_data>).MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lfs_mseg> TO <lfs_data>.ENDIF.ENDLOOP.
*去重SORT gt_data BY mblnr mjahr zeile.DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM gt_data COMPARING mblnr mjahr zeile.
ENDFORM.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& frm_selection_build1
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& text
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& --> p1 text
*& <-- p2 text
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM frm_selection_build USING VALUE(fs_werks) TYPE tableVALUE(fs_matnr) TYPE tableVALUE(fs_mblnr) TYPE tableVALUE(fs_lifnr) TYPE tableVALUE(fs_ebeln) TYPE tableCHANGING ft_selections TYPE rsds_frange_t.FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fw_selections> LIKE LINE OF ft_selections,<lw_selopt> TYPE rsdsselopt,<lw_any> TYPE any.REFRESH: ft_selections.* build table with the name of all selection options and their valuesAPPEND INITIAL LINE TO ft_selections ASSIGNING <fw_selections>.<fw_selections>-fieldname = 'WERKS'.LOOP AT fs_werks ASSIGNING <lw_any>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO <fw_selections>-selopt_tASSIGNING <lw_selopt>.MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lw_any> TO <lw_selopt>.ENDLOOP.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO ft_selections ASSIGNING <fw_selections>.<fw_selections>-fieldname = 'MATNR'.LOOP AT fs_matnr ASSIGNING <lw_any>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO <fw_selections>-selopt_tASSIGNING <lw_selopt>.MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lw_any> TO <lw_selopt>.ENDLOOP.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO ft_selections ASSIGNING <fw_selections>.<fw_selections>-fieldname = 'MBLNR'.LOOP AT fs_mblnr ASSIGNING <lw_any>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO <fw_selections>-selopt_tASSIGNING <lw_selopt>.MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lw_any> TO <lw_selopt>.ENDLOOP.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO ft_selections ASSIGNING <fw_selections>.<fw_selections>-fieldname = 'LIFNR'.LOOP AT fs_lifnr ASSIGNING <lw_any>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO <fw_selections>-selopt_tASSIGNING <lw_selopt>.MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lw_any> TO <lw_selopt>.ENDLOOP.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO ft_selections ASSIGNING <fw_selections>.<fw_selections>-fieldname = 'EBELN'.LOOP AT fs_ebeln ASSIGNING <lw_any>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO <fw_selections>-selopt_tASSIGNING <lw_selopt>.MOVE-CORRESPONDING <lw_any> TO <lw_selopt>.ENDLOOP.ENDFORM.*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Read requested flight bookings from the archive.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> FS_* Selection criteria
* <-- FT_TABLE records from the archive and the database
* Global
* <-- GT_FILES_AND_OFFSET_FROM_AS Will be needed for the access to invoices or tickets
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM data_read_from_archive USING VALUE(lt_selections) TYPE rsds_frange_tVALUE(fs_files) TYPE tableVALUE(fp_readas) TYPE boole_dVALUE(fv_tabname) TYPE tabnameVALUE(fs_fieldcat) TYPE aind_fcatVALUE(fs_archobj) TYPE objct_tr01CHANGING ft_table TYPE table.DATA: lt_obj_data TYPE as_t_tablebuffer,lt_files_read_by_object TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF aind_arkey,lt_files_and_offset_from_as TYPE aind_t_arkey.DATA: lr_files_read_sequential TYPE as_t_rng_archiv.DATA: lv_archive_name TYPE arkey,lv_obj_offset TYPE admi_offst,lv_handle LIKE sy-tabix.FIELD-SYMBOLS: <lw_file_ofs> TYPE aind_arkey.* prepare for reading from archivePERFORM archive_read_prepare USING fs_filesfp_readaslt_selectionsfs_fieldcatCHANGING lt_files_read_by_object[]lr_files_read_sequential[]lt_files_and_offset_from_as[].SORT lt_files_and_offset_from_as BY archivekey archiveofs.gt_files_and_offset_from_as[] = lt_files_and_offset_from_as[].* read sequentialIF fp_readas IS INITIAL OR lr_files_read_sequential[] IS NOT INITIAL.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_OPEN_FOR_READ'EXPORTINGobject = fs_archobjIMPORTINGarchive_handle = lv_handleTABLESarchive_files = lr_files_read_sequential[]EXCEPTIONSno_files_available = 1.IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL.DO.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_GET_NEXT_OBJECT'EXPORTINGarchive_handle = lv_handleIMPORTINGobject_offset = lv_obj_offsetarchive_name = lv_archive_nameEXCEPTIONSend_of_file = 1.IF NOT sy-subrc IS INITIAL.EXIT.ENDIF.IF NOT lt_files_and_offset_from_as[] IS INITIAL.
* as AS was used, check if data object can include searched dataREAD TABLE lt_files_and_offset_from_as TRANSPORTING NO FIELDSWITH KEY archivekey = lv_archive_namearchiveofs = lv_obj_offsetBINARY SEARCH.CHECK sy-subrc IS INITIAL.ENDIF.* read data object with I_SELECTIONSREFRESH lt_obj_data.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_READ_OBJECT_BY_HANDLE'EXPORTINGiv_handle = lv_handleiv_read_class_data = 'YES' "we don t want to read archvie clas data."If you want, do provide 'YES' or 'CONTEXT'CHANGINGct_obj_data = lt_obj_data.PERFORM data_object_read USING lt_selections[]fv_tabnameCHANGING lt_obj_dataft_table[].ENDDO.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_CLOSE_FILE'EXPORTINGarchive_handle = lv_handle.ELSE.MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE 'I' NUMBER sy-msgnoWITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.ENDIF.ENDIF.* read only the relevant data objectsSORT lt_files_read_by_object BY archivekey archiveofs.LOOP AT lt_files_read_by_object ASSIGNING <lw_file_ofs>.
* provide empty lt_obj_data only if you want to read all tables from current data object!
* In this example we do have only one table (SFLIGHT), therefore we provide empty lt_obj_data.
* See parameter documentation in the function module interface!REFRESH lt_obj_data.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_READ_OBJECT_BY_OFFSET'EXPORTINGiv_archivekey = <lw_file_ofs>-archivekeyiv_offset = <lw_file_ofs>-archiveofsiv_read_class_data = 'YES' "we don t want to read archvie clas data."If you want, do provide 'YES' or 'CONTEXT'CHANGINGct_obj_data = lt_obj_data[].* read data objectPERFORM data_object_read USING lt_selections[]fv_tabnameCHANGING lt_obj_dataft_table[].ENDLOOP.ENDFORM. " data_read_from_archive
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Preparation for reading from the archive:
* If the reading is to take place using the AS:
* a) Certain archive files with requested data with the help of
* function module AS_API_READ
* b) Depending on how many data objects of an archive file are to be
* read, decide whether it would be faster to read this file
* sequentially or using an index.
* Otherwise create a table with single values from the range of the
* archive files.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> FS_FILES Archive files for sequential read
* accesses
* --> FT_SELECTIONS Selections
* <-- FT_FILES_READ_BY_OBJECT Files+Offset for index-based read
* accesses
* <-- FR_FILES_READ_READ_SEQUENTIAL Result: Files for sequential read
* accesses
* <-- FT_FILES_AND_OFFSET_AS Result: If the reading is to take
* place sequentially and the files to
* be read were delivered previously
* by AS, you will see here later which
* data objects are to be considered
* during the sequential read (for
* optimization purposes)
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM archive_read_prepareUSING VALUE(fs_files) TYPE tableVALUE(fp_readas) TYPE boole_dVALUE(ft_selections) TYPE rsds_frange_tVALUE(fs_fieldcat) TYPE aind_fcatCHANGING ft_files_read_by_object TYPE ty_t_file_and_offsetfr_files_read_sequential TYPE tableft_files_and_offset_as TYPE ty_t_file_and_offset.DATA: lt_files_read_sequential TYPE ty_t_file.FIELD-SYMBOLS: <lr_file> TYPE rng_archiv,<lv_file> LIKE LINE OF lt_files_read_sequential.REFRESH: ft_files_read_by_object, fr_files_read_sequential,ft_files_and_offset_as.IF fp_readas IS NOT INITIAL.
* get data objects with requested dataCALL FUNCTION 'AS_API_READ' "1)EXPORTINGi_fieldcat = fs_fieldcati_selections = ft_selections[]IMPORTINGe_result = ft_files_and_offset_as[]EXCEPTIONSno_infostruc_found = 2.IF sy-subrc = 2.MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE 'I' NUMBER sy-msgnoWITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.EXIT.ENDIF.* decide about faster access kind: read sequential or
* only relevant data objects?CHECK ft_files_and_offset_as[] IS NOT INITIAL.SORT ft_files_and_offset_as BY archivekey archiveofs.DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ft_files_and_offset_asCOMPARING ALL FIELDS.CALL FUNCTION 'ARCHIVE_FILES_ACCESS_KIND_GET'TABLESit_files_and_pos = ft_files_and_offset_aset_files_seq_read = lt_files_read_sequentialet_files_obj_read = ft_files_read_by_object.* convert table with archive files to a rangeLOOP AT lt_files_read_sequential ASSIGNING <lv_file>.APPEND INITIAL LINE TO fr_files_read_sequentialASSIGNING <lr_file>.<lr_file>-sign = 'I'.<lr_file>-option = 'EQ'.<lr_file>-low = <lv_file>.ENDLOOP.ELSEIF fs_files[] IS NOT INITIAL.fr_files_read_sequential[] = fs_files[].ENDIF.ENDFORM. " archive_read_prepare*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Read data of the current data object:
* The check against the user#s selections is necessary if the
* possibility exists that a data object contains data that was not
* selected, or if not all fields for which the user made a selection are
* contained in the used infostructure.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> FT_SELECTIONS User#s selection.
* <--> FT_OBJ_DATA Pointer to the data of the current data object
* <-- FT_TABLE Result: records from the archive
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM data_object_read USING VALUE(ft_selections) TYPE rsds_frange_tVALUE(fv_tabname) TYPE tabnameCHANGING ft_obj_data TYPE as_t_tablebufferft_table TYPE table.DATA: lv_indx LIKE sy-tabix.FIELD-SYMBOLS: <lw_table> TYPE any,<lw_selections> LIKE LINE OF ft_selections,<lw_obj_data> LIKE LINE OF ft_obj_data,<lt_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE,<lv_field_value> TYPE any.READ TABLE ft_obj_data ASSIGNING <lw_obj_data> WITH KEY tabname = fv_tabname.CHECK sy-subrc IS INITIAL.ASSIGN <lw_obj_data>-tabref->* TO <lt_table>.LOOP AT <lt_table> ASSIGNING <lw_table>.lv_indx = sy-tabix.LOOP AT ft_selections ASSIGNING <lw_selections>.ASSIGN COMPONENT <lw_selections>-fieldnameOF STRUCTURE <lw_table> TO <lv_field_value>.CHECK sy-subrc IS INITIAL.IF NOT <lv_field_value> IN <lw_selections>-selopt_t.DELETE <lt_table> INDEX lv_indx.EXIT.ENDIF.ENDLOOP.ENDLOOP.APPEND LINES OF <lt_table> TO ft_table.ENDFORM. " data_object_read