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Linux服务之lvs+keepalived nginx+keepalived负载均衡实例解析

news 来源：原创 2025/5/16 8:43:40

一.LVS+KeepAlived高可用负载均衡集群的部署

二.Nginx+KeepAlived高可用负载均衡集群的部署

一.LVS+KeepAlived高可用负载均衡集群的部署

实验环境

主keepalived：192.168.181.10 lvs （7-1）
备keepalived：192.168.181.100 lvs （7-2）
web1：192.168.181.11 （7-3）
web2：192.168.181.12 （7-4）
vip：192.168.181.188
客户机访问

实验开始前关闭所有机器的防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
setenforce 0

主上操作（7-1）

yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y

modprobe ip_vs

cat /proc/net/ip_vs

ipvsadm-save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm

systemctl start ipvsadm.service

cd /etc/keepalived/

cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
#复制一份

vim keepalived.conf （修改相关配置）

global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
#修改邮箱指向自己（10行）
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_01
#指定服务器名称主备需要不一样（12行）
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
#14行需要注释否则服务启动有问题
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
#指定服务器类型MASTER为主 BACKUP为备（20行）
interface ens33
#修改网卡名称为ens33（21）
virtual_router_id 10
#指定虚拟路由器的ID号主备需要一致
#nopreempt
#非抢占模式两个节点都需要配置去掉注释
priority 100
#设定优先级数字越大优先级越高，准备需要不一样
advert_int 1
#通告间隔（查看是否存活）
authentication {
auth_type PASS
#认证类型
auth_pass 123456
#修改验证密码，主备需要一样（27行）
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.181.188
#指定群集vip地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.181.188 80 {
delay_loop 6
#健康间隔时间6秒
lb_algo rr
#调度算法轮询
lb_kind DR
#lvs模式为DR
persistence_timeout 0
#连接保持时间改为0 否则无法体现效果
protocol TCP
#采用协议

real_server 192.168.181.11 80 {
#43行修改地址为真实主机地址
weight 1
#45行删除
#节点权重
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
#检查目标端口
connect_timeout 3
#连接超时
nb_get_retry 3
#重试次数
delay_before_retry 3
#重试间隔时间
}
}
real_server 192.168.181.12 80 {
#第二个
weight 1
TCP_CHECK{
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}

scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root@192.168.181.100:/etc/keepalived/ （复制给从7-2）

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0

sysctl -p

systemctl restart keepalived.service

备上操作（7-2）

yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y
modprobe ip_vs
cat /proc/net/ip_vs
ipvsadm-save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
systemctl start ipvsadm.service
cd /etc/keepalived/
cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.bak
#复制一份
vim keepalived.conf （从主上拷贝过来的修改以下三项）

router_id LVS_02

state BACKUP
priority 90

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0

sysctl -p

systemctl restart keepalived.service

在web1 web2 上操作

yum install httpd -y

ifconfig lo:0 192.168.181.188 netmask 255.255.255.255

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2

sysctl -p

route add -host 192.168.91.188 dev lo:0
#设置路由

分别在web1 web2上输入

echo 7-3 > /var/www/html/index.html

echo 7-4 > /var/www/html/index.html

最后用客户机curl 192.168.181.188 会发现7-3 7-4 出现概率大概为1：1

即使关掉7-1lvs keepalived 7-2也可以支持工作

二.Nginx+KeepAlived高可用负载均衡集群的部署

实验环境：

主keepalived：192.168.91.100 nginx
备keepalived：192.168.91.101 nginx
web1：192.168.91.102
web2：192.168.91.103
vip：192.168.91.188
客户机访问

7-3 7-4
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
yum install httpd -y
echo 7-3 > /var/www/html/index.html
systemctl start httpd

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
yum install httpd -y
echo 7-4 > /var/www/html/index.html
systemctl start httpd

7-1
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
yum install epel-release.noarch -y
yum install -y nginx
systemctl start nginx

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

upstream web {
server 192.168.91.102;
server 192.168.91.103;
}

location / {
proxy_pass http://web;
}

scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 192.168.91.101:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

7-2

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
yum install epel-release.noarch -y
yum install -y nginx
systemctl start nginx

7-1 7-2 都要操作
yum install keepalived -y

7-1
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 # 修改邮箱地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS01 # 修改名称
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict #关闭严格模式
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script check_down {
script "/etc/keepalived/ng.sh"
interval 1
weight -30
fall 3
rise 2
timeout 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33 #修改网卡的名称
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.91.188 #修改vip
}
track_script {
check_down
}

}