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BGP联邦实验

news 来源：原创 2025/5/14 8:34:59

一.需求

1.AS1存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24，该地址不能再任何协议中宣告

AS3存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24，该地址不能再任何协议中宣告

AS1还有一个环回地址为10.1.1.0/24，AS3另一个环回地址是11.1.1.0/24

最终要求这两个环回可以互相通讯。

2.整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16

3.AS间的骨干链路Ip地址随意分配

4.使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问

5.减少路由条目数量，避免环路出现

完成上图内容，使用联邦+反射器

二.需求分析

1.AS1 和 AS3 各有一个特定环回地址禁止宣告，另一个环回地址需实现互通

2.AS2 需使用 172.16.0.0/16 进行 IP 地址规划

3.AS 间骨干链路 IP 自主分配，保证链路互联互通且地址不冲突。

4.利用 BGP 协议，通过联邦和反射器实现全网设备环回地址相互访问。

5.减少路由条目数量，通过合适的 BGP 机制和策略，避免网络出现环路。

三.配置

R1

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.1 30
[r1]interface LoopBack 0    
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 10.1.1.1 
[r1-bgp]peer 172.16.16.2 as-number 2
[r1-bgp]network 10.1.1.0 24
[r1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.1.1.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 11.1.1.1
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0

R2

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.2 30
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.19.1 30
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.17.1 30    
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2    
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255    
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.17.1 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.19.1 0.0.0.0
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]router-id 172.16.2.1
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.16.1 as-number 1
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 next-hop-local 
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 ebgp-max-hop
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.2.0 24
[r2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21

R3

[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.17.2 30
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.18.1 30    
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3    
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.17.2 0.0.0.0    
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.18.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]router-id 172.16.3.1
[r3-bgp]confederation id 2
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512  
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]network 172.16.3.0 24
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 reflect-client

R4

[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0    
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.18.2 30
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.22.1 30
[r4]interface LoopBack 0    
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4    
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.22.1 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.18.2 0.0.0.0
[r4]bgp 64512
[r4-bgp]router-id 172.16.4.1    
[r4-bgp]confederation id 2
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 ebgp-max-hop
[r4-bgp]network 172.16.4.0 24

R5

[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.19.2 30
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.20.1 30
[r5]interface LoopBack 0    
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.1 24
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5    
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.20.1 0.0.0.0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.19.2 0.0.0.0
[r5]bgp 64513
[r5-bgp]router-id 172.16.5.1    
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2
[r5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 ebgp-max-hop
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513    
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]network 172.16.5.0 24

R6

[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.20.2 30
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.21.1 30    
[r6]interface LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.6.1 24
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6    
[r6-ospf-1]area 0    
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.21.1 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.20.2 0.0.0.0
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]router-id 172.16.6.1
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2-
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]network 172.16.6.0 24-
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 reflect-client

R7

[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.22.2 30
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.21.2 30
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2    
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.23.1 30
[r7]interface LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.7.1 24
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7    
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.21.2 0.0.0.0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.22.2 0.0.0.0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]router-id 172.16.7.1    
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.23.2 as-number 3
[r7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 ebgp-max-hop
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.7.0 24
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21

R8

[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0    
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.23.2 30
[r8]interface LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 192.16.2.1 24
[r8]interface LoopBack 1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip address 11.1.1.1 24
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]router-id 11.1.1.1    
[r8-bgp]peer 172.16.23.1 as-number 2
[r8-bgp]network 11.1.1.0 24
[r8-bgp]network 192.168.2.0 24
[r8]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.3.2 24    
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre 
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 11.1.1.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.1.1.1
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0

四.检验

r1环回ping r8环回

[r1]ping -a 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1PING 192.168.2.1 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=60 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=70 msReply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms--- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 40/58/70 ms

所有设备的环回互相访问

[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 10.1.1.1PING 10.1.1.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=30 msReply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=50 msReply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms--- 10.1.1.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 30/38/50 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 11.1.1.1PING 11.1.1.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms--- 11.1.1.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 30/32/40 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.2.1PING 172.16.2.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 172.16.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=50 msReply from 172.16.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 172.16.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=50 msReply from 172.16.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms--- 172.16.2.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 20/36/50 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.3.1PING 172.16.3.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=50 msReply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=40 msReply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=30 ms--- 172.16.3.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.4.1PING 172.16.4.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=20 msReply from 172.16.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 172.16.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 msReply from 172.16.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 msReply from 172.16.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms--- 172.16.4.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 20/32/40 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.5.1PING 172.16.5.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms--- 172.16.5.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 10/22/30 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.5.1PING 172.16.5.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 msReply from 172.16.5.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms--- 172.16.5.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 10/22/30 ms[r6]ping -a 172.16.6.1 172.16.6.1PING 172.16.6.1: 56 data bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 msReply from 172.16.6.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=1 msReply from 172.16.6.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 msReply from 172.16.6.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=1 msReply from 172.16.6.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=1 ms--- 172.16.6.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround -trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms