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【Java项目脚手架系列】第三篇：Spring MVC基础项目脚手架

news 来源：原创 2025/5/11 16:19:17

【Java项目脚手架系列】第三篇：Spring MVC基础项目脚手架

前言

在前面的文章中，我们介绍了Maven基础项目脚手架和JavaWeb基础项目脚手架。今天，我们将介绍Spring MVC项目脚手架，这是一个用于快速搭建Web应用的框架。

什么是Spring MVC？

Spring MVC是Spring框架的一个模块，它实现了MVC（Model-View-Controller）设计模式，用于构建Web应用程序。它提供了：

强大的控制器机制
灵活的视图解析
丰富的注解支持
完善的请求处理

Spring MVC项目脚手架

1. 项目结构

springmvc-scaffold/
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   ├── java/
│   │   │   └── com/
│   │   │       └── example/
│   │   │           ├── controller/
│   │   │           │   └── HomeController.java
│   │   │           └── service/
│   │   │               ├── HelloService.java
│   │   │               ├── MessageFormatter.java
│   │   │               └── DefaultMessageFormatter.java
│   │   └── webapp/
│   │       └── WEB-INF/
│   │           ├── views/
│   │           │   └── home.jsp
│   │           ├── spring-mvc.xml
│   │           └── web.xml
│   └── test/
│       └── java/
│           └── com/
│               └── example/
│                   ├── controller/
│                   │   └── HomeControllerTest.java
│                   └── service/
│                       └── HelloServiceTest.java
├── docs/
│   └── 03-springmvc-scaffold.md
├── pom.xml
└── README.md

2. 核心文件内容

2.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>springmvc-scaffold</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>war</packaging><properties><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><spring.version>5.3.20</spring.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><!-- Spring MVC --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!-- Servlet API --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.1</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!-- JSTL --><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><!-- Jackson for JSON --><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.13.3</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3.2</version></plugin><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.8.1</version><configuration><source>${maven.compiler.source}</source><target>${maven.compiler.target}</target></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

2.2 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaeehttp://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"version="4.0"><display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name><!-- Spring MVC Dispatcher Servlet --><servlet><servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><!-- Character Encoding Filter --><filter><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>
</web-app>

2.3 spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><!-- Enable component scanning --><context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/><!-- Enable Spring MVC annotations --><mvc:annotation-driven/><!-- Static Resources --><mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"/><!-- View Resolver --><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/><property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/></bean>
</beans>

2.4 HomeController.java

package com.example.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;@Controller
public class HomeController {@GetMapping("/")public String home(Model model) {model.addAttribute("message", "Welcome to Spring MVC!");return "home";}
}

2.5 HelloService.java

package com.example.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;@Service
public class HelloService {private final MessageFormatter messageFormatter;@Autowiredpublic HelloService(MessageFormatter messageFormatter) {this.messageFormatter = messageFormatter;}public String getGreeting(String name) {if (name == null || name.trim().isEmpty()) {return messageFormatter.format("Hello, World!");}return messageFormatter.format("Hello, " + name + "!");}public int add(int a, int b) {return a + b;}
}

2.6 MessageFormatter.java

package com.example.service;public interface MessageFormatter {String format(String message);
}

2.7 DefaultMessageFormatter.java

package com.example.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class DefaultMessageFormatter implements MessageFormatter {@Overridepublic String format(String message) {return message;}
}

2.8 HelloServiceTest.java

package com.example.service;import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;public class HelloServiceTest {private HelloService helloService;@Mockprivate MessageFormatter messageFormatter;@Beforepublic void setUp() {MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);helloService = new HelloService(messageFormatter);// 设置模拟对象的行为when(messageFormatter.format(anyString())).thenAnswer(invocation -> invocation.getArgument(0));}@Testpublic void testGetGreetingWithName() {String result = helloService.getGreeting("John");assertEquals("Hello, John!", result);verify(messageFormatter).format("Hello, John!");}@Testpublic void testGetGreetingWithNull() {String result = helloService.getGreeting(null);assertEquals("Hello, World!", result);verify(messageFormatter).format("Hello, World!");}@Testpublic void testGetGreetingWithEmptyString() {String result = helloService.getGreeting("");assertEquals("Hello, World!", result);verify(messageFormatter).format("Hello, World!");}@Testpublic void testAdd() {int result = helloService.add(2, 3);assertEquals(5, result);}
}

2.9 home.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Spring MVC Example</title><style>body {font-family: Arial, sans-serif;margin: 40px;line-height: 1.6;}.container {max-width: 800px;margin: 0 auto;padding: 20px;border: 1px solid #ddd;border-radius: 5px;}h1 {color: #333;}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="container"><h1>${message}</h1><p>This is a basic Spring MVC application.</p></div>
</body>
</html>

3. 使用说明

克隆项目

git clone git@gitee.com:zengqiang_wang/leecode-inteview-questions-journal.git

导入IDE
- 推荐使用IntelliJ IDEA
- 选择"Open as Maven Project"
配置Tomcat
- 添加Tomcat服务器
- 配置部署选项
- 设置上下文路径
运行项目
- 启动Tomcat服务器
- 访问 http://localhost:8080/springmvc-scaffold/

4. 单元测试

项目包含了完整的单元测试示例，展示了如何测试Spring MVC应用的不同组件：

服务层测试
- 使用JUnit 4进行基础单元测试
- 测试正常和边界情况
- 示例：HelloServiceTest.java
控制器测试
- 使用Spring Test框架
- 使用MockMvc模拟HTTP请求
- 测试视图解析和模型属性
- 示例：HomeControllerTest.java
运行测试
```
mvn test
```