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基于 Python Pendulum 的日期时间处理

news 来源：原创 2025/6/1 4:54:24

Pendulum 是对 Python datetime 的继承和发展，让日期时间处理更简单，比 datatime 更加人性化，支持 Python 3.9 及以上版本。

安装

$ pip install pendulum

创建 datetime 对象

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2025, 2, 5)
>>> isinstance(dt, datetime)
True
>>> dt.timezone.name
'UTC'

设置时区

>>> import pendulum

>>> pendulum.datetime(2015, 2, 5, tz='Asia/Shanghai')
>>> tz = pendulum.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
>>> pendulum.datetime(2025, 2, 5, tz=tz)

当前 datetime、今天、昨天、明天

>>> now = pendulum.now()
>>> print(now)
'2016-06-28T16:51:45.978473-05:00'

>>> today = pendulum.today()
>>> print(today)
'2016-06-28T00:00:00-05:00'

>>> tomorrow = pendulum.tomorrow('Europe/London')
>>> print(tomorrow)
'2016-06-29T00:00:00+01:00'

>>> yesterday = pendulum.yesterday()
>>> print(yesterday)
'2016-06-27T00:00:00-05:00'

# 从格式化字符串创建datetime

>>> dt = pendulum.from_format('1975-05-21 22', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH')
>>> print(dt)
'1975-05-21T22:00:00+00:00'


>>> dt = pendulum.from_format('1975-05-21 22', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH', tz='Asia/Shanghai')
'1975-05-21T22:00:00+01:00'

从时间戳创建

>>> dt = pendulum.from_timestamp(-1)
>>> print(dt)
'1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00'

>>> dt  = pendulum.from_timestamp(-1, tz='Europe/London')
>>> print(dt)
'1970-01-01T00:59:59+01:00'

从实例创建

>>> dt = datetime(2008, 1, 1)
>>> p = pendulum.instance(dt)
>>> print(p)
'2008-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'

解析

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21T22:00:00')
>>> print(dt)
'1975-05-21T22:00:00+00:00

# You can pass a tz keyword to specify the timezone
>>> dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21T22:00:00', tz='Europe/Paris')
>>> print(dt)
'1975-05-21T22:00:00+01:00'

# Not ISO 8601 compliant but common
>>> dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21 22:00:00')

宽松模式解析

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.parse('31-01-01')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ParserError: Unable to parse string [31-01-01]

>>> dt = pendulum.parse('31-01-01', strict=False)
>>> print(dt)
'2031-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'

格式化

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16)
>>> print(dt)
'1975-12-25T14:15:16+00:00'

>>> dt.to_date_string()
'1975-12-25'

>>> dt.to_formatted_date_string()
'Dec 25, 1975'

>>> dt.to_time_string()
'14:15:16'

>>> dt.to_datetime_string()
'1975-12-25 14:15:16'

>>> dt.to_day_datetime_string()
'Thu, Dec 25, 1975 2:15 PM'

# You can also use the format() method
>>> dt.format('dddd Do [of] MMMM YYYY HH:mm:ss A')
'Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM'

# Of course, the strftime method is still available
>>> dt.strftime('%A %-d%t of %B %Y %I:%M:%S %p')
'Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM'

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16)
>>> dt.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
'1975-12-25 14:15:16'

加减

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31)

>>> dt.to_datetime_string()
'2012-01-31 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(years=5)
'2017-01-31 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(years=1)
'2018-01-31 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(years=1)
'2017-01-31 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(years=5)
'2012-01-31 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(months=60)
'2017-01-31 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(months=1)
'2017-02-28 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(months=1)
'2017-01-28 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(months=60)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(days=29)
'2012-02-26 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(days=1)
'2012-02-27 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(days=1)
'2012-02-26 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(days=29)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(weeks=3)
'2012-02-18 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(weeks=1)
'2012-02-25 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(weeks=1)
'2012-02-18 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(weeks=3)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(hours=24)
'2012-01-29 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(hours=1)
'2012-02-25 01:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(hours=1)
'2012-02-29 00:00:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(hours=24)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(minutes=61)
'2012-01-28 01:01:00'
>>> dt = dt.add(minutes=1)
'2012-01-28 01:02:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(minutes=1)
'2012-01-28 01:01:00'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(minutes=24)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(seconds=61)
'2012-01-28 00:01:01'
>>> dt = dt.add(seconds=1)
'2012-01-28 00:01:02'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(seconds=1)
'2012-01-28 00:01:01'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(seconds=61)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

>>> dt = dt.add(years=3, months=2, days=6, hours=12, minutes=31, seconds=43)
'2015-04-03 12:31:43'
>>> dt = dt.subtract(years=3, months=2, days=6, hours=12, minutes=31, seconds=43)
'2012-01-28 00:00:00'

修改

>>> import pendulum

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0)

>>> dt.start_of('day')
'2012-01-31 00:00:00'

>>> dt.end_of('day')
'2012-01-31 23:59:59'

>>> dt.start_of('month')
'2012-01-01 00:00:00'

>>> dt.end_of('month')
'2012-01-31 23:59:59'

>>> dt.start_of('year')
'2012-01-01 00:00:00'

>>> dt.end_of('year')
'2012-12-31 23:59:59'

>>> dt.start_of('decade')
'2010-01-01 00:00:00'

>>> dt.end_of('decade')
'2019-12-31 23:59:59'

>>> dt.start_of('century')
'2000-01-01 00:00:00'

>>> dt.end_of('century')
'2099-12-31 23:59:59'

>>> dt.start_of('week')
'2012-01-30 00:00:00'
>>> dt.day_of_week == pendulum.MONDAY
True # ISO8601 week starts on Monday

>>> dt.end_of('week')
'2012-02-05 23:59:59'
>>> dt.day_of_week == pendulum.SUNDAY
True # ISO8601 week ends on SUNDAY

>>> dt.next(pendulum.WEDNESDAY)
'2012-02-01 00:00:00'
>>> dt.day_of_week == pendulum.WEDNESDAY
True

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
dt.next()
'2012-01-08 00:00:00'
>>> dt.next(keep_time=True)
'2012-01-08T12:00:00+00:00'

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0)
>>> dt.previous(pendulum.WEDNESDAY)
'2012-01-25 00:00:00'
>>> dt.day_of_week == pendulum.WEDNESDAY
True

>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
>>> dt.previous()
'2011-12-25 00:00:00'
>>> dt.previous(keep_time=True)
'2011-12-25 12:00:00'

>>> start = pendulum.datetime(2014, 1, 1)
>>> end = pendulum.datetime(2014, 1, 30)
>>> start.average(end)
'2014-01-15 12:00:00'

# others that are defined that are similar
# and tha accept month, quarter and year units
# first_of(), last_of(), nth_of()

期间大小

>>> import pendulum
>>> from datetime import datetime

>>> d1 = datetime(2012, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
>>> d2 = datetime(2011, 12, 31, 22, 2, 3, tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
>>> delta = d2 - d1
>>> delta.days
-1
>>> delta.seconds
75600

>>> d1 = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3)
>>> d2 = pendulum.datetime(2011, 12, 31, 22, 2, 3)
>>> delta = d2 - d1
>>> delta.days
0
>>> delta.hours
-3

>>> import pendulum

>>> it = pendulum.duration(days=1177, seconds=7284, microseconds=1234)

基于 Python Pendulum 的日期时间处理

安装

创建 datetime 对象

设置时区

当前 datetime、今天、昨天、明天

从时间戳创建

从实例创建

解析

宽松模式解析

格式化

加减

修改

期间大小

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