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使用Python写贪吃蛇游戏

news 来源：原创 2025/4/30 4:44:55

贪吃蛇游戏是一款经典的小游戏，玩家通过控制蛇的移动来吃食物，蛇的身体会随着吃到的食物越来越多而变长。本文将介绍如何使用Python来创建一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。

代码解析

1. 设置窗口

首先，我们需要设置游戏窗口。使用 turtle.Screen() 创建一个窗口，并设置窗口的标题、背景颜色和大小。通过 window.tracer(0) 关闭自动更新屏幕，以提高性能。

import turtle
import time
import random

window = turtle.Screen()

window.title("XXX")

window.bgcolor("black")

window.setup(width=800, height=600)

window.tracer(0)

2. 创建蛇头

接下来，我们创建蛇头。使用 turtle.Turtle() 创建一个 Turtle 对象，设置其速度、形状、颜色，并将其移动到屏幕中央。

head = turtle.Turtle()
head.speed(0)

head.shape("square")

head.color("white")

head.direction = "stop"

3. 创建蛇身体和食物

我们使用一个列表 segments 来存储蛇的身体部分。食物也是一个 Turtle 对象，随机生成在屏幕上。

segments = []

food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)

food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)

4. 移动函数

定义一个 move 函数来控制蛇的移动。根据蛇头的方向，更新其坐标。

def move():
    if head.direction == "up":

    elif head.direction == "down":

    elif head.direction == "left":

    elif head.direction == "right":

5. 键盘绑定

通过键盘绑定函数来控制蛇的移动方向。使用 window.listen() 和 window.onkeypress() 来监听键盘事件。

def go_up():
    if head.direction != "down":
        head.direction = "up"
def go_down():
    if head.direction != "up":
        head.direction = "down"
def go_left():
    if head.direction != "right":
        head.direction = "left"
def go_right():
    if head.direction != "left":
        head.direction = "right"

window.listen()
window.onkeypress(go_up, "Up")
window.onkeypress(go_down, "Down")
window.onkeypress(go_left, "Left")
window.onkeypress(go_right, "Right")

6. 主循环

在主循环中，我们更新屏幕、检查边界碰撞、食物碰撞，并移动蛇的身体。通过 time.sleep(0.1 / speed) 来控制游戏速度。

while True:
    window.update()

if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "stop"

        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)
        segments.clear()

if head.distance(food) < 20:
    food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)
    new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
    new_segment.speed(0)
    new_segment.shape("square")
    new_segment.color("grey")
    new_segment.penup()
    segments.append(new_segment)

for index in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
    x = segments[index - 1].xcor()
    y = segments[index - 1].ycor()
    segments[index].goto(x, y)

if len(segments) > 0:
    x = head.xcor()
    y = head.ycor()
    segments[0].goto(x, y)

move()

for segment in segments:

    if segment.distance(head) < 20:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "stop"

        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)
        segments.clear()

time.sleep(0.1 / speed)

完整代码

import turtle
import time
import random

window = turtle.Screen()
window.title("贪吃蛇小游戏")
window.bgcolor("black")
window.setup(width=800, height=600)
window.tracer(0)

head = turtle.Turtle()
head.speed(0)
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "stop"

segments = []

food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.shape("circle")
food.color("red")
food.penup()
food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)

def move():
    if head.direction == "up":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y + 20)
    elif head.direction == "down":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y - 20)
    elif head.direction == "left":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x - 20)
    elif head.direction == "right":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x + 20)

def go_up():
    if head.direction != "down":
        head.direction = "up"
def go_down():
    if head.direction != "up":
        head.direction = "down"
def go_left():
    if head.direction != "right":
        head.direction = "left"
def go_right():
    if head.direction != "left":
        head.direction = "right"

window.listen()
window.onkeypress(go_up, "Up")
window.onkeypress(go_down, "Down")
window.onkeypress(go_left, "Left")
window.onkeypress(go_right, "Right")

speed = 0.7
while True:
    window.update()

    if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "stop"

        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)
        segments.clear()

    if head.distance(food) < 20:
        food.goto(random.randint(-14, 14) * 20, random.randint(-14, 14) * 20)

        new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
        new_segment.speed(0)
        new_segment.shape("square")
        new_segment.color("grey")
        new_segment.penup()
        segments.append(new_segment)

    for index in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
        x = segments[index - 1].xcor()
        y = segments[index - 1].ycor()
        segments[index].goto(x, y)
    if len(segments) > 0:
        x = head.xcor()
        y = head.ycor()
        segments[0].goto(x, y)

    move()

    for segment in segments:
        if segment.distance(head) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head.goto(0, 0)
            head.direction = "stop"

            for segment in segments:
                segment.goto(1000, 1000)
            segments.clear()

    time.sleep(0.1 / speed)

通过以上步骤，我们成功创建了一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。后续可以根据需要进一步优化和扩展游戏功能，例如增加得分系统、难度级别等！