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QML 与 C++ 的交互是 Qt Quick 开发的核心需求，常用于将界面逻辑与底层业务逻辑解耦。
一、基础交互原理
- 核心机制：通过 Qt 元对象系统（Meta-Object System）实现 QML 与 C++ 的双向通信，依赖信号槽（Signals & Slots）和属性绑定（Property Binding）。
注册方式：qml中setContextProperty、qt c++中qmlRegisterTypeQQmlApplicationEngine engine;MyObject myObject;engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("myObject", &myObject);qmlRegisterType<MyObject>("MyObjectLib", 1, 0, "MyObject"); - 数据类型映射：QML 自动转换基础类型（如
int、QString），复杂类型需注册为元类型（如QJsonObject）。
二、常见交互方式
1、暴露 C++ 对象到 QML 上下文。
cpp
// C++ 类
class DataManager : public QObject {Q_OBJECT
public:Q_INVOKABLE void saveData(const QString &content);
};// 主函数中注册
int main() {QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);QQmlApplicationEngine engine;DataManager manager;engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("dataManager", &manager); // 关键步骤engine.load(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));return app.exec();
}qml
// QML 调用
Button {onClicked: dataManager.saveData("Hello QML!")
}2、注册 C++ 类为 QML 类型。
cpp
// 定义可导出的 C++ 类
class Calculator : public QObject {Q_OBJECTQ_PROPERTY(int result READ result NOTIFY resultChanged) // 属性暴露
public:Q_INVOKABLE int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
signals:void resultChanged();
private:int result;
};// 在 main.cpp 注册
qmlRegisterType<Calculator>("MyLib", 1, 0, "Calculator");
qml
// QML 中使用
import MyLib 1.0Calculator {id: calconResultChanged: console.log("New result:", result)
}Button {onClicked: calc.result = calc.add(10, 20)
}3、使用 QJSValue 传递函数，异步回调。
cpp
class CallbackHandler : public QObject {Q_OBJECT
public:Q_INVOKABLE void registerCallback(QJSValue func) {m_callback = func;}void trigger() {if (m_callback.isCallable()) m_callback.call();}
private:QJSValue m_callback;
};qml
// QML 传递回调函数
CallbackHandler {id: handlerComponent.onCompleted: handler.registerCallback(() => console.log("Called!"))
}4、通过 Q_PROPERTY 实现属性绑定，自动同步 C++ 与 QML 的数值变化。
cpp
class Settings : public QObject {Q_OBJECTQ_PROPERTY(bool darkMode READ darkMode WRITE setDarkMode NOTIFY darkModeChanged)
public:bool darkMode() const { return m_darkMode; }void setDarkMode(bool enabled) { if (m_darkMode != enabled) {m_darkMode = enabled;emit darkModeChanged();}}
signals:void darkModeChanged();
private:bool m_darkMode = false;
};qml
// QML 双向绑定
Switch {checked: settings.darkModeonCheckedChanged: settings.darkMode = checked
}三、实例
1、实例（qml中setContextProperty注册方式）
1）、创建一个空的Qt Quick程序。创建后，基本目录结构如下：
2）、打开main.cpp，进行修改。
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>class MyObject : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTQ_PROPERTY(QString message READ message WRITE setMessage NOTIFY messageChanged)
public:QString message() const {return m_message;}void setMessage(const QString& qMsg){m_message = qMsg;}public slots:void sayHello() {m_message = "Hello from C++!";qDebug() << m_message; // 终端中打印emit messageChanged();}signals:void messageChanged();private:QString m_message="hello init";
};int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);QQmlApplicationEngine engine;MyObject myObject;engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("myObject", &myObject);const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,&app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {if (!obj && url == objUrl)QCoreApplication::exit(-1);}, Qt::QueuedConnection);engine.load(url);return app.exec();
}#include "main.moc"
3）、打开main.qml，进行修改。
import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import QtQuick.Controls 2.2ApplicationWindow {visible: truewidth: 400height: 300title: "QML and C++ Interaction"Button {text: "Click Me"onClicked: {myObject.sayHello(); // 调用C++对象的函数console.log("调用C++对象的函数\n");}}Label {id: label1visible: truetext: myObject.message // 显示从C++传递的消息anchors.centerIn: parent}
}
4）、生成效果如下：
2、实例（qt c++中qmlRegisterType注册方式）
1）、创建一个空的Qt Quick程序。创建后，基本目录结构如下：
2）、打开main.cpp，进行修改。
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>class MyObject : public QObject
{Q_OBJECTQ_PROPERTY(QString message READ message WRITE setMessage NOTIFY messageChanged)
public:QString message() const {return m_message;}void setMessage(const QString& qMsg){m_message = qMsg;}public slots:void sayHello() {m_message = "Hello from C++!";qDebug() << m_message; // 终端中打印emit messageChanged();}signals:void messageChanged();private:QString m_message="hello init";
};int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);QQmlApplicationEngine engine;qmlRegisterType<MyObject>("MyObjectLib", 1, 0, "MyObject");const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,&app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {if (!obj && url == objUrl)QCoreApplication::exit(-1);}, Qt::QueuedConnection);engine.load(url);return app.exec();
}#include "main.moc"
3）、打开main.qml，进行修改。
import QtQuick 2.9
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import QtQuick.Controls 2.2
import MyObjectLib 1.0ApplicationWindow {visible: truewidth: 400height: 300title: "QML and C++"MyObject{id: testObj}Button {text: "Click Me"onClicked: {testObj.sayHello(); // 调用C++对象的函数console.log("调用C++对象的函数\n");}}Label {id: label1visible: truetext: testObj.message // 显示从C++传递的消息anchors.centerIn: parent}
}4）、生成效果如下：