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网站建设软文,2024很有可能再次封城吗,app商城软件,手机网站程序下载🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营中的学习记录博客🍦 参考文章地址： 365天深度学习训练营-第P5周：运动鞋分类🍖 作者：K同学啊一、前期准备 1. 设置GPU import torch from torch import nn imp…

🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
🍦 参考文章地址： 365天深度学习训练营-第P5周：运动鞋分类
🍖 作者：K同学啊

一、前期准备

1. 设置GPU

import torch
from torch import nn
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms,datasets,models
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os,PIL,pathlib

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device

device(type='cuda')

2. 导入数据

data_dir = './data/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)image_count = len(list(data_dir.glob('*/*/*.jpg')))
print("图片总数为：",image_count)

图片总数为： 578

classNames = [str(path).split('\\')[2] for path in data_dir.glob('train/*/')]
classNames

['adidas', 'nike']

roses= list(data_dir.glob('train/nike/*.jpg'))
PIL.Image.open(str(roses[0]))

3. 数据增强解决过拟合

train_transforms = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize([224, 224]),transforms.RandomRotation(45),#随机旋转，-45到45度之间随机选
#       transforms.CenterCrop(224),#从中心开始裁剪transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=0.5),#随机水平翻转 选择一个概率概率
#         transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(p=0.5),#随机垂直翻转
#         transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.2, contrast=0.1, saturation=0.1, hue=0.1),#参数1为亮度，参数2为对比度，参数3为饱和度，参数4为色相
#         transforms.RandomGrayscale(p=0.025),#概率转换成灰度率，3通道就是R=G=Btransforms.ToTensor(),transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])#均值，标准差])test_transforms = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize([224, 224]),transforms.ToTensor(),transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])])

batch_size = 32train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder('./data/train/', transform = train_transforms)
test_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder('./data/test/', transform = test_transforms)train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1)

classNames = train_dataset.classestrain_dataset.class_to_idx

{'adidas': 0, 'nike': 1}

4. 数据可视化

imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
imgs.shape

import numpy as np# 指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5)) 
for i, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:20]):npimg = imgs.numpy().transpose((1,2,0))npimg = npimg * np.array((0.229, 0.224, 0.225)) + np.array((0.485, 0.456, 0.406))npimg = npimg.clip(0, 1)# 将整个figure分成2行10列，绘制第i+1个子图。plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1)plt.imshow(npimg)plt.axis('off')

for X,y in test_dl:print('Shape of X [N, C, H, W]:', X.shape)print('Shape of y:', y.shape)break

Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([32, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([32])

二、构建CNN网络

2.1 搭建简单网络

搭建简单网络后发现由于数据量少导致过拟合，数据增强后最高准确率84%，说明模型不够好，选择改用Resnet18+迁移学习：

2.2 迁移学习

2.2.1 调用resnet18和预训练模型、冻结参数

feature_extract = True# 冻结参数
def set_parameter_requires_grad(model, feature_extracting):if feature_extracting:for param in model.parameters():param.requires_grad = False# 修改输出层
def initialize_model(num_classes, feature_extract, use_pretrained=True):model_ft = models.resnet18(pretrained=use_pretrained)set_parameter_requires_grad(model_ft, feature_extract)num_ftrs = model_ft.fc.in_featuresmodel_ft.fc = nn.Linear(num_ftrs, num_classes)input_size = 32return model_ft, input_size

model_ft, input_size = initialize_model(2, feature_extract, use_pretrained=True)
model_ft = model_ft.to(device)
model_ft

略

2.2.2 取出输出层参数

取出输出层参数后面用于训练更新

# 设置训练哪些层
params_to_update = model_ft.parameters()
print("Params to learn:")
if feature_extract: # 自己只训练输出层params_to_update = []for name,param in model_ft.named_parameters():if param.requires_grad == True:params_to_update.append(param)print("\t",name)
else:for name,param in model_ft.named_parameters():if param.requires_grad == True:print("\t",name)

Params to learn:fc.weightfc.bias

三、训练模型

3.1 设置超参数

动态学习率

# 优化器设置
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params_to_update, lr=1e-4)#要训练啥参数，你来定
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.92)#学习率每7个epoch衰减成原来的1/10
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# def adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, start_lr):
#     # 每2个 epoch衰减到原来的0.98
#     lr = start_lr * (0.92 ** (epoch //2))
#     for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
#         param_group['lr'] = lr# optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params_to_update,lr=1e-4)

3.2 编写训练函数

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小，一共900张图片num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目，29（900/32）train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)# 计算预测误差pred = model(X)          # 网络输出loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失# 反向传播optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零loss.backward()        # 反向传播optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新# 记录acc与losstrain_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()train_loss += loss.item()train_acc  /= sizetrain_loss /= num_batchesreturn train_acc, train_loss

3.3 编写测试函数

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目，8（255/32=8，向上取整）test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0# 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗with torch.no_grad():for imgs, target in dataloader:imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)# 计算losstarget_pred = model(imgs)loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)test_loss += loss.item()test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()test_acc  /= sizetest_loss /= num_batchesreturn test_acc, test_loss

3.4 正式训练

3.4.1 训练输出层

epochs     = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []
best_acc = 0
filename='checkpoint.pth'for epoch in range(epochs):model_ft.train()epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model_ft, loss_fn, optimizer)scheduler.step()#学习率衰减model_ft.eval()epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model_ft, loss_fn)# 保存最优模型if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:best_acc = epoch_test_accstate = {'state_dict': model_ft.state_dict(),#字典里key就是各层的名字，值就是训练好的权重'best_acc': best_acc,'optimizer' : optimizer.state_dict(),}torch.save(state, filename)train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')
print('best_acc：',best_acc)

Epoch:17, Train_acc:65.9%, Train_loss:0.630, Test_acc:67.1%，Test_loss:0.615
Epoch:18, Train_acc:66.1%, Train_loss:0.613, Test_acc:64.5%，Test_loss:0.599
Epoch:19, Train_acc:63.7%, Train_loss:0.636, Test_acc:65.8%，Test_loss:0.579
Epoch:20, Train_acc:66.3%, Train_loss:0.612, Test_acc:65.8%，Test_loss:0.583
Done
best_acc： 0.6593625498007968

3.4.2 训练所有层

for param in model_ft.parameters():param.requires_grad = True# 再继续训练所有的参数，学习率调小一点
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model_ft.parameters(), lr=1e-4)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.92)# 损失函数
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 加载之前训练好的权重参数
checkpoint = torch.load(filename)
best_acc = checkpoint['best_acc']
model_ft.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])

epochs     = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []
best_acc = 0
filename='best_resnet18.pth'for epoch in range(epochs):model_ft.train()epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model_ft, loss_fn, optimizer)scheduler.step()#学习率衰减model_ft.eval()epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model_ft, loss_fn)# 保存最优模型if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:best_acc = epoch_test_accstate = {'state_dict': model_ft.state_dict(),#字典里key就是各层的名字，值就是训练好的权重'best_acc': best_acc,'optimizer' : optimizer.state_dict(),}torch.save(state, filename)train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')
print('best_acc：',best_acc)

Epoch:18, Train_acc:99.8%, Train_loss:0.010, Test_acc:86.8%，Test_loss:0.398
Epoch:19, Train_acc:99.0%, Train_loss:0.031, Test_acc:93.4%，Test_loss:0.203
Epoch:20, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.019, Test_acc:93.4%，Test_loss:0.184
Done
best_acc： 0.9342105263157895

四、结果可视化

加载训练好的模型

model_ft, input_size = initialize_model(2, feature_extract, use_pretrained=True)# GPU模式
model_ft = model_ft.to(device)# 保存文件的名字
filename='best_resnet18.pth'# 加载模型
checkpoint = torch.load(filename)
best_acc = checkpoint['best_acc']
model_ft.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])

结果可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率epochs_range = range(epochs)plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()

测试模型

train_on_gpu = True# 得到一个batch的测试数据
imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))# 进行预测
model_ft.eval()if train_on_gpu:output = model_ft(imgs.cuda())
else:output = model_ft(imgs)# 获得预测结果(概率最大的)
_, preds_tensor = torch.max(output, 1)preds = np.squeeze(preds_tensor.numpy()) if not train_on_gpu else np.squeeze(preds_tensor.cpu().numpy())
preds

array([0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1], dtype=int64)

import numpy as np# 指定图片大小，图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 10)) 
for idx, imgs in enumerate(imgs[:10]):#ax = fig.add_subplot(rows, columns, idx+1, xticks=[], yticks=[])npimg = imgs.numpy().transpose((1,2,0))npimg = npimg * np.array((0.229, 0.224, 0.225)) + np.array((0.485, 0.456, 0.406))npimg = npimg.clip(0, 1)# 将整个figure分成2行10列，绘制第i+1个子图。ax = plt.subplot(2, 5, idx+1)ax.set_title("{} ({})".format(classNames[preds[idx]], classNames[labels[idx]]),color=("green" if classNames[preds[idx]]==classNames[labels[idx]] else "red"))plt.imshow(npimg)plt.axis('off')