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前言

在当今的互联网应用中，短信验证码、通知等功能已成为必不可少的部分。阿里云短信服务(SMS)作为国内领先的短信平台，提供了稳定可靠的短信发送能力。本文将详细介绍如何在.NET 8应用中集成阿里云短信服务，实现短信发送功能。

一、准备工作

1.1 阿里云账号准备

1. 注册阿里云账号并完成实名认证
2. 开通短信服务(SMS)
3. 申请短信签名和模板（需企业资质）
4. 获取 AccessKey ID 和 AccessKey Secret

1.2 .NET 8项目创建

dotnet new webapi -n AliyunSmsDemo
cd AliyunSmsDemo

二、集成阿里云短信SDK

2.1 安装NuGet包

dotnet add package Aliyun.SDK.Core
dotnet add package Aliyun.SDK.Dysmsapi

2.2 配置阿里云短信参数

在 appsettings.json 中添加配置：

{"AliyunSms": {"AccessKeyId": "your-access-key-id","AccessKeySecret": "your-access-key-secret","Endpoint": "dysmsapi.aliyuncs.com","SignName": "your-sign-name","TemplateCode": "your-template-code"}
}

2.3 创建配置类

public class AliyunSmsSettings
{public string AccessKeyId { get; set; }public string AccessKeySecret { get; set; }public string Endpoint { get; set; }public string SignName { get; set; }public string TemplateCode { get; set; }
}

三、实现短信发送服务

3.1 创建短信服务接口

public interface ISmsService
{Task<bool> SendVerificationCodeAsync(string phoneNumber, string code);
}

3.2 实现短信服务

public class AliyunSmsService : ISmsService
{private readonly AliyunSmsSettings _settings;private readonly ILogger<AliyunSmsService> _logger;public AliyunSmsService(IOptions<AliyunSmsSettings> settings, ILogger<AliyunSmsService> logger){_settings = settings.Value;_logger = logger;}public async Task<bool> SendVerificationCodeAsync(string phoneNumber, string code){try{var client = CreateClient();var request = new SendSmsRequest{PhoneNumbers = phoneNumber,SignName = _settings.SignName,TemplateCode = _settings.TemplateCode,TemplateParam = $"{{\"code\":\"{code}\"}}"};var response = await client.SendSmsAsync(request);_logger.LogInformation($"短信发送结果: {JsonSerializer.Serialize(response)}");return response.Body.Code == "OK";}catch (Exception ex){_logger.LogError(ex, "发送短信时发生异常");return false;}}private DysmsapiClient CreateClient(){var config = new Config{AccessKeyId = _settings.AccessKeyId,AccessKeySecret = _settings.AccessKeySecret,Endpoint = _settings.Endpoint};return new DysmsapiClient(config);}
}

3.3 注册服务

在 Program.cs 中添加：

builder.Services.Configure<AliyunSmsSettings>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("AliyunSms"));
builder.Services.AddTransient<ISmsService, AliyunSmsService>();

四、创建控制器

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class SmsController : ControllerBase
{private readonly ISmsService _smsService;private readonly ILogger<SmsController> _logger;public SmsController(ISmsService smsService, ILogger<SmsController> logger){_smsService = smsService;_logger = logger;}[HttpPost("send-verification-code")]public async Task<IActionResult> SendVerificationCode([FromBody] SendVerificationCodeRequest request){// 生成随机验证码（实际项目中可能需要更复杂的生成逻辑）var code = new Random().Next(100000, 999999).ToString();// 发送短信var result = await _smsService.SendVerificationCodeAsync(request.PhoneNumber, code);if (result){// 实际项目中应该将验证码存储到数据库或缓存中，并设置过期时间_logger.LogInformation($"验证码发送成功: {code}");return Ok(new { Success = true, Message = "验证码发送成功" });}return BadRequest(new { Success = false, Message = "验证码发送失败" });}
}public class SendVerificationCodeRequest
{[Required][Phone]public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
}

五、测试与优化

5.1 单元测试

[Fact]
public async Task SendVerificationCode_ShouldReturnSuccess_WhenSmsSent()
{// Arrangevar mockSmsService = new Mock<ISmsService>();mockSmsService.Setup(x => x.SendVerificationCodeAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<string>())).ReturnsAsync(true);var controller = new SmsController(mockSmsService.Object, Mock.Of<ILogger<SmsController>>());var request = new SendVerificationCodeRequest { PhoneNumber = "13800138000" };// Actvar result = await controller.SendVerificationCode(request);// Assertvar okResult = Assert.IsType<OkObjectResult>(result);var response = Assert.IsType<dynamic>(okResult.Value);Assert.True(response.Success);
}

5.2 性能优化建议

1. 使用 HttpClient 池化技术
2. 实现短信发送限流，防止短时间内发送过多短信
3. 使用缓存存储验证码，避免重复生成
4. 实现异步发送队列，提高系统响应速度

六、安全注意事项

1. 不要将 AccessKey硬编码在代码中，使用安全的方式存储
2. 实现短信发送频率限制，防止短信轰炸
3. 验证码应该有有效期（通常5-10分钟）
4. 对手机号进行格式验证和黑名单检查
5. 敏感操作日志记录

七、总结

本文详细介绍了在.NET 8应用中集成阿里云短信服务的完整流程，包括：

1. 阿里云短信服务的申请和配置
2. .NET项目中SDK的集成
3. 短信服务的封装实现
4. 控制器的创建和测试
5. 性能优化和安全注意事项

通过本文的指导，开发者可以快速在自己的.NET 8应用中实现短信发送功能，为应用增加短信验证、通知等能力。

参考：阿里云短信服务官方文档