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基于express+TS+mysql+sequelize的后端开发环境搭建

news 来源：原创 2025/5/15 10:49:52

步骤一：初始化node环境

npm init -y

步骤二：安装 Express、TypeScript、以及相关类型的定义文件

npm install express

npm install --save-dev typescript @types/node @types/express ts-node nodemon

npm install body-parser

npm install mysql2

npm install sequelize

步骤三：初始化ts文件配置

创建 tsconfig.json 文件来配置 TypeScript 编译选项：

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES6",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "outDir": "./dist"
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*.ts"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

步骤四：初始化启动类

import express from 'express';
import path from 'path';
//解析json字符串
import bodyParser from 'body-parser';

class Main {

  private app: express.Application;

  private port: number;

  constructor(port: number) {
    this.app = express();
    this.app.use(bodyParser.json()).use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
    this.port = port;
    this.getStaticData();
  }

  public start(): void {
    this.app.listen(this.port, () => {
      console.log(`服务器已启动！`);
    });
  }

  public use(router: express.Router, api?: string): Main {
    if (api) {
      this.app.use(api, router);
    } else {
      this.app.use(router);
    }
    return this;
  }

  private getStaticData(): void {
    this.app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, './static')));
    console.log('静态资源已加载');
  }

  getApp(): express.Application {
    return this.app;
  }
}

const main = new Main(8080);

main.start();

步骤五：初始化mysql工具文件

import { Sequelize } from 'sequelize';

const sequelize = new Sequelize("sd_ai_db","root","root",{
    host:"localhost",
    dialect:"mysql",
    timezone: '+08:00',
    //配置连接池
    pool:{
        max:5,
        min:0,
        idle: 10 * 1000,
    }
});

sequelize.authenticate().then(() => {
    console.log('数据库连接成功');
}).catch(err => {
    console.error('数据库连接失败:', err);
});

export default sequelize;

步骤六：编写示例服务器接口

web层：

import express, { Request, Response } from 'express'; 
import { HelloService } from '../service/HelloService';
import helloService from '../service/HelloService';
import Result from '../model/Result';

class HelloWeb {
    private router: express.Router;

    private helloService: HelloService;

    constructor() {
        this.router = express.Router();
        this.helloService = helloService;
        //注册接口
        this.lookStartInfo();
        console.log("HelloWeb初始化完毕");
    }

    public getRouter(): express.Router {
        return this.router;
    }

    /**
     * 找到服务器的全部启动记录
     */
    private lookStartInfo(): void {
        this.router.get('/lookStartInfo', async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
            const data = await this.helloService.lookStartInfo();
            res.json(new Result(200, "查询成功", data));
        })
    }
}

//导出接口
export default new HelloWeb().getRouter();

service层：

import HelloDao from "../dao/HelloDao";

class HelloService {

    constructor() {
        this.startService();
        console.log("HelloService加载完毕");
    }

    public async startService(): Promise<any> {
        return await HelloDao.create({})
    }

    public async lookStartInfo(): Promise<any> {
        const data = await HelloDao.findAll();
        return data;
    }

}

export default new HelloService();

export { HelloService };

dao层：

import { INTEGER, Model } from 'sequelize';
import mysql from '../utils/mysql';

class HelloDao extends Model{}

HelloDao.init({
    id: {
        type: INTEGER,
        primaryKey: true,
        autoIncrement: true
    }
},{
    sequelize:mysql,
    tableName: 'systems',
    modelName: 'system',
    timestamps: true
})

//初始化表结构
HelloDao.sync({force:false}).then(()=>{
    console.log('system表初始化成功');
}).catch(()=>{
    console.log('system表初始化失败');
})

export default HelloDao;

model类：

class Result {
    private code: number;
    private msg: string;
    private data: any;

    constructor(code: number, msg: string, data: any) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.data = data;
    }

    public getCode(): number {
        return this.code;
    }

    public getMsg(): string {
        return this.msg;
    }

    public getData(): any {
        return this.data;
    }
}

export default Result;

将接口配置到index.ts中：

import express from 'express';
import path from 'path';
//解析json字符串
import bodyParser from 'body-parser';
//引入Hello接口
import Hello from './web/HelloWeb';

class Main {

  private app: express.Application;

  private port: number;

  constructor(port: number) {
    this.app = express();
    this.app.use(bodyParser.json()).use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
    this.port = port;
    this.getStaticData();
  }

  public start(): void {
    this.app.listen(this.port, () => {
      console.log(`服务器已启动！`);
    });
  }

  public use(router: express.Router, api?: string): Main {
    if (api) {
      this.app.use(api, router);
    } else {
      this.app.use(router);
    }
    return this;
  }

  private getStaticData(): void {
    this.app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, './static')));
    console.log('静态资源已加载');
  }

  getApp(): express.Application {
    return this.app;
  }
}

const main = new Main(8080);

//引入模块
main.use(Hello, '/api');

//启动服务器
main.start();

步骤七：编写启动脚本命令

编辑package.json中的scripts启动命令，编辑完成后大概是这样：

{
  "name": "back",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "ts-node src/index.ts",
    "dev": "nodemon src/index.ts"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "^1.20.3",
    "express": "^4.21.2",
    "mysql2": "^3.13.0",
    "sequelize": "^6.37.6"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/express": "^5.0.0",
    "@types/node": "^22.13.10",
    "nodemon": "^3.1.9",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
    "typescript": "^5.8.2"
  }
}