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基于TCP协议实现客户端与服务端的通信

news 2025/11/11 8:34:54

TCP面向连接，所以在创建套接字之后还需要进入监听状态，监听状态下可以获取客户端的请求，获取请求之后，服务端需要接受连接，之后在进行处理。

服务端：
创建一个监听套接字对象，指定使用TCP协议
绑定套接字到特定的地址和端口号
调用listen方法，监听连接请求
接收连接，返回一个新的套接字用于与客户端通信，以及客户端的地址
处理请求
发送响应
本次连接结束，关闭套接字
服务器结束，关闭监听套接字

客户端：
创建套接字
使用connect方法连接到服务器
发送请求
处理响应
关闭套接字
在这里插入图片描述
定义一个服务器类，实现上述服务器的功能
TCPServer.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"using namespace log_ns;const static int gport = 8080;
const static int gsockfd = -1;
const static int gblocklog = 8;class TcpServer
{
public:TcpServer(uint16_t port) : _port(port),_listensockfd(gsockfd),_isrunning(false){}~TcpServer(){if(_listensockfd > 0)close(_listensockfd);}void InitServer(){// 1. 创建sockfd，选择TCP_listensockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (_listensockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "创建监听套接字失败");exit(1);}LOG(INFO, "listen socket create success,sockfd is %d\n", _listensockfd);struct sockaddr_in local;local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;local.sin_port = htons(_port);// 2. 绑定int res = bind(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)(&local), sizeof(local));if (res < 0){LOG(FATAL, "绑定端口失败");exit(2);}LOG(INFO, "绑定端口成功\n");// 3. 设置监听状态if (listen(_listensockfd, gblocklog) < 0){LOG(FATAL, "listen error\n");exit(3);}LOG(INFO, "listen suceess\n");}void Loop(){_isrunning = true;while (_isrunning){struct sockaddr_in client;socklen_t len = sizeof(client);int sockfd = accept(_listensockfd, (struct sockaddr *)(&client), &len);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(WARNING, "accept error\n");continue;}InetAddr addr(client);LOG(INFO, "get a new link,client info:%s,sockfd is %d\n", addr.Ip().c_str(), sockfd);// 处理业务Service(sockfd,addr);}_isrunning = false;}void Service(int sockfd,InetAddr addr){while (true){char buffer[1024];ssize_t n = read(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);// 响应if (n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;LOG(INFO, "get message from client ,message is %s\n", buffer);// 回响std::string echo_message = "[server say]# ";echo_message += buffer;write(sockfd, echo_message.c_str(), echo_message.size());}else if (n == 0){LOG(INFO, "client %s quit\n", addr.Ip().c_str());break;}else{LOG(ERROR, "read error: %s\n", addr.Ip().c_str());break;}}close(sockfd);}private:uint16_t _port;int _listensockfd;bool _isrunning;
};

TcpServerMain.cpp
创建服务类对象，并调用相应的函数

#include "TcpServer.hpp"
#include <memory>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 2){std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " local-port" << std::endl;exit(0);}uint16_t port = atoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<TcpServer> tcvr = std::make_unique<TcpServer>(port);tcvr->InitServer();tcvr->Loop();return 0;
}

TcpClientMain.cpp
向服务端发起连接

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>int main(int argc,char* argv[]){if (argc != 3){std::cerr << "Usage : " << argv[0] << " server-ip  server-port\n"<< std::endl;exit(0);}std::string ip = argv[1];uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[2]);// 1. 创建sockfdint sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);if (sockfd < 0){std::cerr << "create socket error" << std::endl;exit(1);}struct sockaddr_in peer;peer.sin_family = AF_INET;peer.sin_port = htons(port);// peer.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());inet_pton(AF_INET,ip.c_str(),&peer.sin_addr);// 2. 连接服务器int n = connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&(peer),sizeof(peer));if (n < 0){std::cerr << "connect socket error" << std::endl;exit(2);}// 3. 处理业务while(true){std::string message;std::cout << "Enter #";std::getline(std::cin, message);write(sockfd,message.c_str(),message.size());char echo_buff[1024];int res = read(sockfd,echo_buff,sizeof(echo_buff)-1);if (res > 0){echo_buff[res] = 0;std::cout << echo_buff << std::endl;}else{break;}}return 0;
}