【11408学习记录】考研英语核心考点：三步拆解阅读理解长难句​

英语

每日一句

Tim Harford , author of Messy : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives , points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups : some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities ; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail , day by day.​(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

词汇

set out monthly goals: 制定月度目标

第一步：找谓语

Tim Harford , author of Messy : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives , points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups : some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities ; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail , day by day.​

第二步：断句

原句中存在4处谓语，包含4件事，其谓语分别位于以下位置：

• points 为主句谓语
• divided 为 that 引导的定语从句谓语
• were advised 为冒号后的同位语1中的谓语
• were told 为分号后的同位语2中的谓语

按照标点、引导词以及谓语，可以将原句断开为以下分句：

• Tim Harford , author of Messy : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives , points to a study in the early 1980s —— 主句
• that divided undergraduates into two groups : —— 定语从句
• some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities ; —— 同位语1
• others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail , day by day. —— 同位语2

第三步：简化

主句

Tim Harford , author of Messy : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives , points to a study in the early 1980s

• 主句主语部分：Tim Harford , author of Messy : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives ,
  • 人名：Tim Harford 为主句主语核心词
  • 同位语：author of Messy 进一步解释人名的身份
  • 书名：The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives
• 主句谓语部分：points 为及物动词，后接宾语
• 主句状语部分：to a study in the early 1980s
  • 介词短语：to a study 为目的状语，修饰动词：points ，说明动作发生的具体对象
  • 介词短语：in the early 1980s 为时间状语，说明动作发生的时间

去掉主句扩展部分，就得到了主句核心：

• Tim Harford …… points …… —— Tim Harford …… 指出 ……

定语从句

that divided undergraduates into two groups :

• 从句引导词：that 引导定语从句，修饰名词：study
  • 引导词在从句中做主语
• 从句谓语部分：divided 为及物动词，后接宾语
• 从句宾语部分：undergraduates
• 从句状语部分：into two groups 为结果状语，修饰动词：divided 说明动作发生的结果

去掉从句扩展部分，就得到了从句核心：

• that divided undergraduates …… —— 研究将本科生分成了……

同位语1

some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities ;

• 该部分为名词词组：two groups 的同位语，该部分是对该名词词组的进一步解释
• 同位语主语部分：some 该主语代表的是名词：undergraduates 中的一部分
• 同位语谓语部分：were advised 为及物动词的被动语态，其主语为动作的承受者
• 同位语补足语部分：to set out monthly goals and study activities ; 该部分为主语补足语，补充说明主语：some
  • 动词不定式：to set 用于说明主语：some 被建议的内容
  • 副词：out 修饰动词：set 与其构成搭配，被译为：“制定”
  • 形容词：monthly 修饰名词：goals
  • 名词：goals 为动词短语：set out 的宾语核心词
  • 名词：study 修饰名词：activities
  • 并列连词：and 连接名词：goals 与名词：activities 组成并列结构，共同作为动词短语：set out 的宾语

去掉同位语的扩展部分，就得到了同位语的核心：

• some were advised to set out …… goals and …… activities —— 一些（本科生）被建议制定 …… 目标和 …… 活动

同位语2

others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail , day by day.

• 该部分同为名词词组：two groups 的同位语，与前一部分的同位语并列，进一步解释说明该名词词组
• 同位语主语部分：others 代表的是名词：undergraduates 的另一部分
• 同位语谓语部分：were told 为及物动词的被动语态，其主语为动作的承受者
• 同位语补足语部分：to plan activities and goals in much more detail ,
  • 动词不定式：to plan 用于说明主语：others 被告知的内容
  • 名词：activities 与名词：goals 通过并列连词：and 连接，构成并列结构，共同作为动词：plan 的宾语
  • 介词短语：in much more detail 为方式状语，修饰动词：plan ，说明动作发生的具体方式
• 同位语状语部分：day by day 为时间状语，修饰动词：plan ，说明动作发生的具体时间

去掉同位语扩展部分，就得到了同位语的核心：

• others were told to plan activities and goals …… —— 另一部分（本科生）被告知去……制定活动和目标 ……