C++ 使用 SQLite3 数据库

本文档介绍如何在 C++ 项目中使用 SQLite3 数据库，假设通过 vcpkg 安装了 SQLite3。因本机为Windows环境，为方便，用了本机的Visual Studio 2022 创建cmake项目。

安装 SQLite3

首先，确保你已经通过 vcpkg 安装了 SQLite3。可以使用以下命令进行安装：

vcpkg install sqlite3

配置 CMakes

在 CMakeLists.txt 文件中，添加以下内容以找到并链接 SQLite3：

find_package(SQLite3 REQUIRED)target_link_libraries(your_target PRIVATE SQLite::SQLite3)

实际上，由于我用了Visual Studio 2022，我的cmake项目结构如下：

use-sqlite3目录下的CMakeLists.txt文件我修改如下：

# CMakeList.txt: use-sqlite3 的 CMake 项目，在此处包括源代码并定义
# 项目特定的逻辑。
#
SET(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE "D:/tools/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake")
include("D:/tools/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake")
if(DEFINED ENV{VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET} AND NOT DEFINED VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET)set(VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET "$ENV{VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
endif()
# 将源代码添加到此项目的可执行文件。
add_executable (use-sqlite3 "use-sqlite3.cpp" "use-sqlite3.h")if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.12)set_property(TARGET use-sqlite3 PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 20)
endif()# TODO: 如有需要，请添加测试并安装目标。find_package(SQLite3 REQUIRED)target_link_libraries(use-sqlite3 PRIVATE SQLite::SQLite3)

使用 SQLite3

在你的 C++ 代码中，可以包含 SQLite3 的头文件并开始使用它：

// 示例代码// use-sqlite3.cpp: 定义应用程序的入口点。
//#include "use-sqlite3.h"
#include "sqlite3.h"using namespace std;int main()
{sqlite3* db;char* zErrMsg = 0;int rc;// 打开数据库rc = sqlite3_open("example.db", &db);if (rc) {std::cerr << "Can't open database: " << sqlite3_errmsg(db) << std::endl;return(0);}else {std::cout << "Opened database successfully" << std::endl;}// 创建表const char* sqlCreateTable = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test( ""id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, ""name TEXT NOT NULL);";rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sqlCreateTable, 0, 0, &zErrMsg);if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {std::cerr << "SQL error: " << zErrMsg << std::endl;sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);}else {std::cout << "Table created successfully" << std::endl;}// 插入数据const char* sqlInsert = "INSERT INTO test(name) VALUES ('Alice');";rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sqlInsert, 0, 0, &zErrMsg);if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {std::cerr << "SQL error: " << zErrMsg << std::endl;sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);}else {std::cout << "Records created successfully" << std::endl;}const char* sqlUpdate = "UPDATE test SET name = 'Bob' WHERE id = 2;";rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sqlUpdate, 0, 0, &zErrMsg);if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {std::cerr << "SQL error: " << zErrMsg << std::endl;sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);}else {std::cout << "Record updated successfully" << std::endl;}// 查询数据const char* sqlSelect = "SELECT * FROM test;";rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sqlSelect, [](void* NotUsed, int argc, char** argv, char** azColName) {for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {std::cout << azColName[i] << " = " << (argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL") << std::endl;}std::cout << std::endl;return 0;}, 0, &zErrMsg);if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {std::cerr << "SQL error: " << zErrMsg << std::endl;sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);}else {std::cout << "Operation done successfully" << std::endl;}// 关闭数据库sqlite3_close(db);std::cout << "Database closed successfully" << std::endl;return 0;
}

运行效果如下：

参考

• SQLite3 官方文档
• vcpkg 文档