【Docker】【2.docker 安装 ubuntu 桌面版】
一、目标
使用 docker 安装不同版本的 ubuntu .
可以通过 vnc 或者 直接在主机上显示。
二、使用 vnc 访问的方式
Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV TZ=Asia/ShanghaiRUN apt-get update && \apt-get install -y tzdata sudo vim wget curl net-tools dbus-x11 x11-apps && \apt-get install -y xfce4 xfce4-terminal tightvncserver && \apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*# 创建普通用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash dockeruser && \echo "dockeruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoersUSER dockeruser
WORKDIR /home/dockeruser# 设置 VNC 密码
RUN mkdir -p /home/dockeruser/.vnc && \echo "1234" | vncpasswd -f > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd && \chmod 600 /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd# 创建 xstartup 启动 XFCE
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources\n\
startxfce4 &' > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup && \chmod +x /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup# 修正启动脚本（含 USER 环境变量 + 等待日志文件）
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
export USER=dockeruser\n\
export HOME=/home/dockeruser\n\
export DISPLAY=:1\n\
mkdir -p $HOME/.vnc\n\
vncserver :1 -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24\n\
echo "VNC server started on :1 (port 5901)"\n\
echo "To connect: vncviewer localhost:5901"\n\
# 等待日志文件创建\n\
for i in {1..10}; do\n\log_file=$(ls -1 $HOME/.vnc/*.log 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)\n\if [ -n "$log_file" ]; then\n\echo "Tailing log file: $log_file"\n\tail -f "$log_file"\n\exit 0\n\fi\n\sleep 1\n\
done\n\
echo "Warning: no VNC log file found."\n\
exec bash' > /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh && \chmod +x /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.shCMD ["/home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh"]
#CMD ["startxfce4"]编译
docker stop ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || truedocker build -t ubuntu20-xfce-vnc .
启动docker
# 允许 X11 显示（可选）xhost +local:rootdocker run -it --rm \--name ubuntu20.4-vnc \-p 5901:5901 \ubuntu20-xfce-vnc
使用vnc连接
$ vncviewer localhost:5901
Connected to RFB server, using protocol version 3.8
Enabling TightVNC protocol extensions
Performing standard VNC authentication
Password: 密码: 1234
三、使用 startxfce4 直接显示在 host 中
Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
ENV TZ=Asia/ShanghaiRUN apt-get update && \apt-get install -y tzdata sudo vim wget curl net-tools dbus-x11 x11-apps && \apt-get install -y xfce4 xfce4-terminal tightvncserver && \apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*# 创建普通用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/bash dockeruser && \echo "dockeruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoersUSER dockeruser
WORKDIR /home/dockeruser# 设置 VNC 密码
RUN mkdir -p /home/dockeruser/.vnc && \echo "1234" | vncpasswd -f > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd && \chmod 600 /home/dockeruser/.vnc/passwd# 创建 xstartup 启动 XFCE
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources\n\
startxfce4 &' > /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup && \chmod +x /home/dockeruser/.vnc/xstartup# 修正启动脚本（含 USER 环境变量 + 等待日志文件）
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
export USER=dockeruser\n\
export HOME=/home/dockeruser\n\
export DISPLAY=:1\n\
mkdir -p $HOME/.vnc\n\
vncserver :1 -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24\n\
echo "VNC server started on :1 (port 5901)"\n\
echo "To connect: vncviewer localhost:5901"\n\
# 等待日志文件创建\n\
for i in {1..10}; do\n\log_file=$(ls -1 $HOME/.vnc/*.log 2>/dev/null | head -n 1)\n\if [ -n "$log_file" ]; then\n\echo "Tailing log file: $log_file"\n\tail -f "$log_file"\n\exit 0\n\fi\n\sleep 1\n\
done\n\
echo "Warning: no VNC log file found."\n\
exec bash' > /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh && \chmod +x /home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh#CMD ["/home/dockeruser/start_vnc.sh"]
CMD ["startxfce4"]编译
docker stop ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu20-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || truedocker build -t ubuntu20-xfce-vnc .
启动 docker
#!/bin/bash
docker stop ubuntu-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
docker rm ubuntu-xfce-vnc 2>/dev/null || true
set -e# 允许 X11 显示（可选）
xhost +local:root# 启动容器
docker run -it --rm \--name ubuntu-xfce-vnc \--network host \-e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \-v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \-v $HOME:/home/dockeruser/host_home \ubuntu20-xfce-vnc startxfce4
此时在主机上会出现， 下面的内容，表示你已经 将 docker 的输出显示在自己的主机里面了。
强制杀死 startxfce4
pkill -f xfce; pkill xfce4-session; ps aux | grep xfce