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007-Spring AI Alibaba Agent 功能完整案例

news 2025/10/27 13:17:33

本案例展示如何使用 Spring AI Alibaba 构建一个 AI 驱动的智能系统，该系统具备检索增强生成（RAG）、函数调用和与用户交互的能力。我们将通过一个航班预订助手示例来演示这些功能。

1. 案例目标

我们将创建一个智能航班预订助手，具备以下核心功能：

自然语言交互：用户可以通过自然语言与助手进行对话，无需学习特定的命令或界面操作。
检索增强生成（RAG）：助手可以访问条款和条件文档，基于这些信息回答用户的问题。
函数调用：助手可以调用 Java 方法执行特定操作，如查询预订详情、更改预订和取消预订。
记忆能力：助手能够记住对话历史，实现上下文感知的多轮对话。

2. 技术栈与核心依赖

Spring Boot 3.x
Spring AI Alibaba (用于对接阿里云 DashScope 通义大模型)
Spring WebFlux (用于构建响应式 Web 应用)
Maven (项目构建工具)

在 pom.xml 中，你需要引入以下核心依赖：

<dependencies><!-- Spring AI Alibaba 核心启动器，集成 DashScope --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId><artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring WebFlux 用于构建响应式 RESTful API --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring AI 向量存储顾问 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId><artifactId>spring-ai-advisors-vector-store</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring Boot 验证器 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

3. 项目配置

在 src/main/resources/application.properties 文件中，配置你的 DashScope API Key 和其他设置。

# 设置服务器端口
server.port=9000# 启用虚拟线程
spring.threads.virtual.enabled=true# 配置 DashScope API Key
spring.ai.dashscope.api-key=${AI_DASHSCOPE_API_KEY}
spring.ai.dashscope.chat.options.model=qwen-max# 禁用 Thymeleaf 缓存（开发环境）
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

重要提示：请将 AI_DASHSCOPE_API_KEY 环境变量设置为你从阿里云获取的有效 API Key。你也可以直接将其写在配置文件中，但这不推荐用于生产环境。

4. 核心组件实现

4.1 应用主类配置

在 AgentApplication.java 中，我们配置了向量存储、聊天记忆和文档摄取等核心组件：

@SpringBootApplication
public class AgentApplication {// 文档摄取到向量存储@BeanCommandLineRunner ingestTermOfServiceToVectorStore(VectorStore vectorStore,@Value("classpath:rag/terms-of-service.txt") Resource termsOfServiceDocs) {return args -> {// 将文档分割并存储到向量存储中vectorStore.write(new TokenTextSplitter().transform(new TextReader(termsOfServiceDocs).read()));// 测试相似性搜索vectorStore.similaritySearch("Cancelling Bookings").forEach(doc -> {logger.info("Similar Document: {}", doc.getText());});};}// 向量存储配置@Beanpublic VectorStore vectorStore(EmbeddingModel embeddingModel) {return SimpleVectorStore.builder(embeddingModel).build();}// 聊天记忆配置@Beanpublic ChatMemory chatMemory() {return MessageWindowChatMemory.builder().build();}
}

4.2 AI 助手服务

CustomerSupportAssistant.java 是本示例的核心组件，它整合了 RAG、函数调用和记忆能力：

@Service
public class CustomerSupportAssistant {private final ChatClient chatClient;public CustomerSupportAssistant(ChatClient.Builder modelBuilder, VectorStore vectorStore, ChatMemory chatMemory) {this.chatClient = modelBuilder.defaultSystem("""您是"Funnair"航空公司的客户聊天支持代理。请以友好、乐于助人且愉快的方式来回复。您正在通过在线聊天系统与客户互动。您能够支持已有机票的预订详情查询、机票日期改签、机票预订取消等操作，其余功能将在后续版本中添加，如果用户问的问题不支持请告知详情。在提供有关机票预订详情查询、机票日期改签、机票预订取消等操作之前，您必须始终从用户处获取以下信息：预订号、客户姓名。在询问用户之前，请检查消息历史记录以获取预订号、客户姓名等信息，尽量避免重复询问给用户造成困扰。在更改预订之前，您必须确保条款允许这样做。如果更改需要收费，您必须在继续之前征得用户同意。使用提供的功能获取预订详细信息、更改预订和取消预订。如果需要，您可以调用相应函数辅助完成。请讲中文。今天的日期是 {current_date}.""").defaultAdvisors(PromptChatMemoryAdvisor.builder(chatMemory).build(), // Chat Memorynew QuestionAnswerAdvisor(vectorStore), // RAGnew SimpleLoggerAdvisor() // 日志记录).defaultToolNames("getBookingDetails","changeBooking","cancelBooking").build();}public Flux<String> chat(String chatId, String userMessageContent) {return this.chatClient.prompt().system(s -> s.param("current_date", LocalDate.now().toString())).user(userMessageContent).advisors(a -> a.param(CONVERSATION_ID, chatId).param(TOP_K, 100)).stream().content();}
}

4.3 工具函数实现

在 BookingTools.java 中，我们定义了可以被 AI 助手调用的工具函数：

@Configuration
public class BookingTools {@Autowiredprivate FlightBookingService flightBookingService;public record BookingDetailsRequest(String bookingNumber, String name) {}public record ChangeBookingDatesRequest(String bookingNumber, String name, String date, String from, String to) {}public record CancelBookingRequest(String bookingNumber, String name) {}@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)public record BookingDetails(String bookingNumber, String name, LocalDate date, BookingStatus bookingStatus,String from, String to, String bookingClass) {}// 获取预订详情@Bean@Description("获取机票预定详细信息")public Function<BookingDetailsRequest, BookingDetails> getBookingDetails() {return request -> {try {return flightBookingService.getBookingDetails(request.bookingNumber(), request.name());}catch (Exception e) {logger.warn("Booking details: {}", NestedExceptionUtils.getMostSpecificCause(e).getMessage());return new BookingDetails(request.bookingNumber(), request.name(), null, null, null, null, null);}};}// 修改预订@Bean@Description("修改机票预定日期")public Function<ChangeBookingDatesRequest, String> changeBooking() {return request -> {flightBookingService.changeBooking(request.bookingNumber(), request.name(), request.date(), request.from(),request.to());return "";};}// 取消预订@Bean@Description("取消机票预定")public Function<CancelBookingRequest, String> cancelBooking() {return request -> {flightBookingService.cancelBooking(request.bookingNumber(), request.name());return "";};}
}

4.4 航班预订服务

FlightBookingService.java 实现了实际的业务逻辑，包括预订查询、修改和取消：

@Service
public class FlightBookingService {private final BookingData db;public FlightBookingService() {db = new BookingData();initDemoData();}// 初始化演示数据private void initDemoData() {// 创建5条模拟预订数据// ...}// 获取所有预订public List<BookingDetails> getBookings() {return db.getBookings().stream().map(this::toBookingDetails).toList();}// 获取预订详情public BookingDetails getBookingDetails(String bookingNumber, String name) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);return toBookingDetails(booking);}// 修改预订public void changeBooking(String bookingNumber, String name, String newDate, String from, String to) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);if (booking.getDate().isBefore(LocalDate.now().plusDays(1))) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Booking cannot be changed within 24 hours of the start date.");}booking.setDate(LocalDate.parse(newDate));booking.setFrom(from);booking.setTo(to);}// 取消预订public void cancelBooking(String bookingNumber, String name) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);if (booking.getDate().isBefore(LocalDate.now().plusDays(2))) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Booking cannot be cancelled within 48 hours of the start date.");}booking.setBookingStatus(BookingStatus.CANCELLED);}// 辅助方法private Booking findBooking(String bookingNumber, String name) {return db.getBookings().stream().filter(b -> b.getBookingNumber().equalsIgnoreCase(bookingNumber)).filter(b -> b.getCustomer().getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)).findFirst().orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Booking not found"));}private BookingDetails toBookingDetails(Booking booking) {return new BookingDetails(booking.getBookingNumber(), booking.getCustomer().getName(), booking.getDate(),booking.getBookingStatus(), booking.getFrom(), booking.getTo(), booking.getBookingClass().toString());}
}

4.5 控制器层

AssistantController.java 提供了 REST API 接口：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/assistant")
public class AssistantController {private final CustomerSupportAssistant agent;public AssistantController(CustomerSupportAssistant agent) {this.agent = agent;}@RequestMapping(path="/chat", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)public Flux<String> chat(@RequestParam(name = "chatId") String chatId,@RequestParam(name = "userMessage") String userMessage) {return agent.chat(chatId, userMessage);}
}

5. RAG 文档准备

在 src/main/resources/rag/terms-of-service.txt 中，我们准备了服务条款文档，用于 RAG 检索：

These Terms of Service govern your experience with Funnair. By booking a flight, you agree to these terms.1. Booking Flights
- Book via our website or mobile app.
- Full payment required at booking.
- Ensure accuracy of personal information (Name, ID, etc.) as corrections may incur a $25 fee.2. Changing Bookings
- Changes allowed up to 24 hours before flight.
- Change via online or contact our support.
- Change fee: $50 for Economy, $30 for Premium Economy, Free for Business Class.3. Cancelling Bookings
- Cancel up to 48 hours before flight.
- Cancellation fees: $75 for Economy, $50 for Premium Economy, $25 for Business Class.
- Refunds processed within 7 business days.