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第一章-第三节-Java开发环境配置

news 2025/10/26 11:56:02

第一章第三节：Java开发环境配置

引言

在前两节中，我们深入了解了MCP协议的核心概念以及Cursor IDE与MCP的深度集成。现在，让我们将注意力转向实际的环境配置。一个完善的Java开发环境是充分发挥MCP和Cursor IDE强大功能的基础。本节将详细介绍如何从零开始配置一个现代化的Java开发环境，为后续的实战开发奠定坚实基础。

开发环境架构概览

整体架构设计

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Java开发环境架构                          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Application Layer (应用层)                                 │
│  ├── Cursor IDE (代码编辑器)                                │
│  ├── MCP Client (MCP客户端)                                │
│  └── Browser (浏览器)                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Development Tools Layer (开发工具层)                       │
│  ├── JDK (Java开发工具包)                                   │
│  ├── Maven/Gradle (构建工具)                                │
│  ├── Git (版本控制)                                         │
│  └── Docker (容器化)                                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Runtime Environment Layer (运行时环境层)                   │
│  ├── JVM (Java虚拟机)                                       │
│  ├── Spring Boot (应用框架)                                 │
│  ├── Nacos (服务注册中心)                                   │
│  └── MySQL/Redis (数据存储)                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  System Layer (系统层)                                      │
│  ├── Windows/macOS/Linux (操作系统)                         │
│  ├── Network (网络环境)                                     │
│  └── Hardware (硬件资源)                                    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

环境配置原则

1. 版本兼容性

JDK版本：推荐使用JDK 17或21（LTS版本）
Maven版本：3.8.0以上
Gradle版本：7.0以上
Spring Boot版本：3.x系列

2. 工具链统一

使用统一的构建工具（Maven或Gradle）
统一的代码格式化工具
统一的静态代码分析工具
统一的测试框架

3. 环境隔离

开发环境、测试环境、生产环境分离
使用Docker进行环境隔离
配置文件外部化管理

JDK安装与配置

1. JDK版本选择

版本对比分析

版本	发布时间	LTS	主要特性	推荐场景
JDK 8	2014年	✅	Lambda表达式、Stream API	传统企业项目
JDK 11	2018年	✅	模块系统、HTTP Client	现代企业应用
JDK 17	2021年	✅	密封类、模式匹配	新项目首选
JDK 21	2023年	✅	虚拟线程、字符串模板	前沿技术探索

2. 多版本JDK管理

使用SDKMAN管理JDK版本

# 安装SDKMAN
curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash
source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"# 查看可用的JDK版本
sdk list java# 安装JDK 17
sdk install java 17.0.9-tem# 安装JDK 21
sdk install java 21.0.1-tem# 切换JDK版本
sdk use java 17.0.9-tem# 设置默认版本
sdk default java 17.0.9-tem

Windows环境配置

# 使用Chocolatey安装JDK
# 安装Chocolatey（如果未安装）
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))# 安装JDK 17
choco install openjdk17# 安装JDK 21
choco install openjdk21# 设置环境变量
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("JAVA_HOME", "C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-17.0.9.9-hotspot\", "Machine")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", $env:PATH + ";$env:JAVA_HOME\bin", "Machine")

3. JVM参数优化

开发环境JVM参数

# 开发环境JVM参数配置
export JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx2g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai"# 详细参数说明
# -Xms512m: 初始堆内存大小
# -Xmx2g: 最大堆内存大小
# -XX:+UseG1GC: 使用G1垃圾收集器
# -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200: 最大GC暂停时间
# -XX:+UseStringDeduplication: 字符串去重
# -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat: 字符串连接优化
# -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8: 文件编码
# -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai: 时区设置

生产环境JVM参数

# 生产环境JVM参数配置
export JAVA_OPTS="-Xms2g -Xmx8g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=100 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/logs/heapdump.hprof -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=prod"# 生产环境额外参数
# -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError: OOM时生成堆转储
# -XX:HeapDumpPath: 堆转储文件路径
# -Dspring.profiles.active=prod: 激活生产环境配置

Maven配置与优化

1. Maven安装与配置

安装Maven

# 使用SDKMAN安装Maven
sdk install maven 3.9.6# 或者手动安装
wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.9.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
tar -xzf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /opt/maven# 设置环境变量
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin

Maven配置文件

<!-- ~/.m2/settings.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"><!-- 本地仓库路径 --><localRepository>${user.home}/.m2/repository</localRepository><!-- 服务器认证信息 --><servers><server><id>nexus</id><username>admin</username><password>admin123</password></server></servers><!-- 镜像配置 --><mirrors><mirror><id>aliyun</id><name>Aliyun Maven</name><url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf></mirror></mirrors><!-- 配置文件 --><profiles><profile><id>jdk-17</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><jdk>17</jdk></activation><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>17</maven.compiler.compilerVersion></properties></profile></profiles><!-- 激活的配置文件 --><activeProfiles><activeProfile>jdk-17</activeProfile></activeProfiles>
</settings>

2. Maven项目配置

父POM配置

<!-- pom.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>user-management-system</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging><name>User Management System</name><description>基于Spring Boot和Nacos的用户管理系统</description><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><!-- 版本管理 --><spring-boot.version>3.2.0</spring-boot.version><spring-cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring-cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0</spring-cloud-alibaba.version><nacos.version>2.3.0</nacos.version><mysql.version>8.0.33</mysql.version><mybatis-plus.version>3.5.4</mybatis-plus.version><druid.version>1.2.20</druid.version><lombok.version>1.18.30</lombok.version><mapstruct.version>1.5.5.Final</mapstruct.version><junit.version>5.10.0</junit.version><mockito.version>5.6.0</mockito.version></properties><modules><module>user-service</module><module>order-service</module><module>payment-service</module><module>common</module></modules><dependencyManagement><dependencies><!-- Spring Boot --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><!-- Spring Cloud --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><!-- Spring Cloud Alibaba --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><!-- 数据库相关 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>${mysql.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>${mybatis-plus.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>${druid.version}</version></dependency><!-- 工具类 --><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>${lombok.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId><artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId><version>${mapstruct.version}</version></dependency><!-- 测试相关 --><dependency><groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId><artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId><version>${junit.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mockito</groupId><artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId><version>${mockito.version}</version><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><pluginManagement><plugins><!-- Spring Boot Maven Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>${spring-boot.version}</version><configuration><excludes><exclude><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude></excludes></configuration></plugin><!-- Maven Compiler Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.11.0</version><configuration><source>17</source><target>17</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><annotationProcessorPaths><path><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>${lombok.version}</version></path><path><groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId><artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId><version>${mapstruct.version}</version></path></annotationProcessorPaths></configuration></plugin><!-- Maven Surefire Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.2</version><configuration><includes><include>**/*Test.java</include><include>**/*Tests.java</include></includes></configuration></plugin><!-- Maven Failsafe Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.2</version><configuration><includes><include>**/*IT.java</include><include>**/*IntegrationTest.java</include></includes></configuration></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement></build><profiles><profile><id>dev</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation><properties><spring.profiles.active>dev</spring.profiles.active></properties></profile><profile><id>test</id><properties><spring.profiles.active>test</spring.profiles.active></properties></profile><profile><id>prod</id><properties><spring.profiles.active>prod</spring.profiles.active></properties></profile></profiles>
</project>

3. Maven插件配置

代码质量插件

<!-- 在pom.xml中添加代码质量插件 -->
<build><plugins><!-- Checkstyle Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3.1</version><configuration><configLocation>checkstyle.xml</configLocation><encoding>UTF-8</encoding><consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput><failsOnError>true</failsOnError><linkXRef>false</linkXRef></configuration><executions><execution><id>validate</id><phase>validate</phase><goals><goal>check</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><!-- SpotBugs Plugin --><plugin><groupId>com.github.spotbugs</groupId><artifactId>spotbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>4.7.3.6</version><configuration><effort>Max</effort><threshold>Low</threshold><xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput></configuration><executions><execution><goals><goal>check</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><!-- JaCoCo Plugin --><plugin><groupId>org.jacoco</groupId><artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>0.8.10</version><executions><execution><goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals></execution><execution><id>report</id><phase>test</phase><goals><goal>report</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>

Gradle配置与优化

1. Gradle安装与配置

安装Gradle

# 使用SDKMAN安装Gradle
sdk install gradle 8.5# 或者使用包管理器
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install gradle# macOS
brew install gradle# Windows
choco install gradle

Gradle配置文件

# gradle.properties
# 项目配置
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.caching=true
org.gradle.daemon=true# 编码配置
systemProp.file.encoding=UTF-8
systemProp.user.timezone=Asia/Shanghai# 构建配置
org.gradle.configureondemand=true
org.gradle.workers.max=4

2. Gradle项目配置

父项目build.gradle

// build.gradle
plugins {id 'java'id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.2.0'id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.4'id 'checkstyle'id 'pmd'id 'jacoco'
}group = 'com.example'
version = '1.0.0'
sourceCompatibility = '17'repositories {mavenCentral()maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
}ext {set('springCloudVersion', "2023.0.0")set('springCloudAlibabaVersion', "2022.0.0.0")set('nacosVersion', "2.3.0")set('mysqlVersion', "8.0.33")set('mybatisPlusVersion', "3.5.4")set('druidVersion', "1.2.20")set('lombokVersion', "1.18.30")set('mapstructVersion', "1.5.5.Final")set('junitVersion', "5.10.0")set('mockitoVersion', "5.6.0")
}dependencies {// Spring Bootimplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator'// Spring Cloudimplementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-openfeign'implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer'// Spring Cloud Alibabaimplementation 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery'implementation 'com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config'// 数据库implementation "mysql:mysql-connector-java:${mysqlVersion}"implementation "com.baomidou:mybatis-plus-boot-starter:${mybatisPlusVersion}"implementation "com.alibaba:druid-spring-boot-starter:${druidVersion}"// 工具类compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:${lombokVersion}"annotationProcessor "org.projectlombok:lombok:${lombokVersion}"implementation "org.mapstruct:mapstruct:${mapstructVersion}"annotationProcessor "org.mapstruct:mapstruct-processor:${mapstructVersion}"// 测试testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test"testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:${junitVersion}"testImplementation "org.mockito:mockito-core:${mockitoVersion}"
}dependencyManagement {imports {mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"mavenBom "com.alibaba.cloud:spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies:${springCloudAlibabaVersion}"}
}// 代码质量配置
checkstyle {toolVersion = '10.12.4'configFile = file('checkstyle.xml')ignoreFailures = false
}pmd {toolVersion = '6.55.0'ruleSetFiles = files('pmd-ruleset.xml')ignoreFailures = false
}jacoco {toolVersion = '0.8.10'
}jacocoTestReport {reports {xml.required = truehtml.required = true}
}jacocoTestCoverageVerification {violationRules {rule {limit {minimum = 0.80}}}
}// 测试配置
test {useJUnitPlatform()finalizedBy jacocoTestReportfinalizedBy jacocoTestCoverageVerification
}// 构建配置
build {dependsOn checkdependsOn jacocoTestReport
}

IDE插件安装与配置

1. Cursor IDE插件推荐

必装插件

// .cursor/extensions.json
{"recommendations": [// Java开发"redhat.java","vscjava.vscode-java-debug","vscjava.vscode-java-test","vscjava.vscode-maven","vscjava.vscode-gradle",// Spring Boot"vmware.vscode-spring-boot","pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-dashboard",// 代码质量"sonarsource.sonarlint-vscode","ms-vscode.vscode-json",// 数据库"ms-mssql.mssql","mtxr.sqltools","mtxr.sqltools-driver-mysql",// 工具"ms-vscode.vscode-docker","ms-kubernetes-tools.vscode-kubernetes-tools","ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers",// Git"eamodio.gitlens","mhutchie.git-graph",// 其他"ms-vscode.vscode-yaml","redhat.vscode-xml","ms-vscode.vscode-markdown"]
}

插件配置

// .cursor/settings.json
{// Java配置"java.configuration.updateBuildConfiguration": "automatic","java.compile.nullAnalysis.mode": "automatic","java.format.settings.url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/styleguide/gh-pages/eclipse-java-google-style.xml","java.format.settings.profile": "GoogleStyle",// Spring Boot配置"spring-boot.ls.java.home": "/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk","spring-boot.ls.java.vmargs": "-Xmx1024m",// 代码质量配置"sonarlint.connectedMode.servers": [{"serverId": "sonarqube","serverUrl": "http://localhost:9000","token": "your-token"}],// 数据库配置"sqltools.connections": [{"name": "MySQL Local","driver": "MySQL","server": "localhost","port": 3306,"database": "userdb","username": "root","password": "password"}],// Git配置"gitlens.codeLens.enabled": true,"gitlens.currentLine.enabled": true,"gitlens.hovers.currentLine.over": "line",// 编辑器配置"editor.formatOnSave": true,"editor.codeActionsOnSave": {"source.organizeImports": true,"source.fixAll": true},// 文件配置"files.autoSave": "afterDelay","files.autoSaveDelay": 1000,"files.encoding": "utf8","files.eol": "\n"
}

2. 代码格式化配置

Checkstyle配置

<!-- checkstyle.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC"-//Checkstyle//DTD Checkstyle Configuration 1.3//EN""https://checkstyle.org/dtds/configuration_1_3.dtd"><module name="Checker"><property name="charset" value="UTF-8"/><property name="severity" value="warning"/><property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, xml"/><!-- 排除文件 --><module name="BeforeExecutionExclusionFileFilter"><property name="fileNamePattern" value="module\-info\.java$"/></module><!-- 文件长度检查 --><module name="FileLength"><property name="max" value="2000"/></module><!-- 行长度检查 --><module name="LineLength"><property name="fileExtensions" value="java"/><property name="max" value="120"/></module><!-- 树形检查器 --><module name="TreeWalker"><!-- 导入检查 --><module name="AvoidStarImport"/><module name="IllegalImport"/><module name="RedundantImport"/><module name="UnusedImports"/><!-- 命名检查 --><module name="ConstantName"/><module name="LocalFinalVariableName"/><module name="LocalVariableName"/><module name="MemberName"/><module name="MethodName"/><module name="PackageName"/><module name="ParameterName"/><module name="StaticVariableName"/><module name="TypeName"/><!-- 长度检查 --><module name="MethodLength"><property name="max" value="150"/></module><module name="ParameterNumber"><property name="max" value="7"/></module><!-- 空白检查 --><module name="EmptyForIteratorPad"/><module name="GenericWhitespace"/><module name="MethodParamPad"/><module name="NoWhitespaceAfter"/><module name="NoWhitespaceBefore"/><module name="OperatorWrap"/><module name="ParenPad"/><module name="TypecastParenPad"/><module name="WhitespaceAfter"/><module name="WhitespaceAround"/><!-- 修饰符检查 --><module name="ModifierOrder"/><module name="RedundantModifier"/><!-- 块检查 --><module name="AvoidNestedBlocks"/><module name="EmptyBlock"/><module name="LeftCurly"/><module name="NeedBraces"/><module name="RightCurly"/><!-- 常见编码问题 --><module name="EmptyStatement"/><module name="EqualsHashCode"/><module name="HiddenField"/><module name="IllegalInstantiation"/><module name="InnerAssignment"/><module name="MagicNumber"/><module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/><module name="MultipleVariableDeclarations"/><module name="SimplifyBooleanExpression"/><module name="SimplifyBooleanReturn"/><!-- 类设计检查 --><module name="DesignForExtension"/><module name="FinalClass"/><module name="HideUtilityClassConstructor"/><module name="InterfaceIsType"/><module name="VisibilityModifier"/><!-- 杂项检查 --><module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/><module name="FinalParameters"/><module name="TodoComment"/><module name="UpperEll"/></module>
</module>

数据库环境配置

1. MySQL安装与配置

Docker方式安装

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'services:mysql:image: mysql:8.0container_name: mysql-devrestart: alwaysenvironment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123MYSQL_DATABASE: userdbMYSQL_USER: appuserMYSQL_PASSWORD: app123ports:- "3306:3306"volumes:- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql- ./mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d- ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.dcommand: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_passwordredis:image: redis:7-alpinecontainer_name: redis-devrestart: alwaysports:- "6379:6379"volumes:- redis_data:/datavolumes:mysql_data:redis_data:

MySQL配置文件

# mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
[mysqld]
# 基本配置
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci# 连接配置
max_connections=1000
max_connect_errors=1000
wait_timeout=28800
interactive_timeout=28800# 缓存配置
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1# 查询缓存
query_cache_type=1
query_cache_size=64M
query_cache_limit=2M# 慢查询日志
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time=2# 二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=ROW
expire_logs_days=7

2. Redis安装与配置

Redis配置文件

# redis.conf
# 基本配置
bind 0.0.0.0
port 6379
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300# 内存配置
maxmemory 512mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru# 持久化配置
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000# 日志配置
loglevel notice
logfile /var/log/redis/redis.log# 安全配置
requirepass redis123

开发工具链配置

1. Git配置

Git全局配置

# 基本配置
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
git config --global init.defaultBranch main# 编辑器配置
git config --global core.editor "cursor --wait"
git config --global core.autocrlf input
git config --global core.safecrlf true# 别名配置
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'
git config --global alias.last 'log -1 HEAD'
git config --global alias.visual '!cursor'# 颜色配置
git config --global color.ui auto
git config --global color.branch auto
git config --global color.diff auto
git config --global color.status auto# 推送配置
git config --global push.default simple
git config --global push.autoSetupRemote true

Git钩子配置

#!/bin/sh
# .git/hooks/pre-commit# 运行代码检查
echo "Running code quality checks..."# 运行Checkstyle
mvn checkstyle:check
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Checkstyle check failed!"exit 1
fi# 运行SpotBugs
mvn spotbugs:check
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "SpotBugs check failed!"exit 1
fi# 运行测试
mvn test
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Tests failed!"exit 1
fiecho "All checks passed!"

2. Docker配置

Dockerfile模板

# Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app# 复制Maven包装器
COPY .mvn/ .mvn
COPY mvnw pom.xml ./# 下载依赖
RUN ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -B# 复制源代码
COPY src ./src# 构建应用
RUN ./mvnw clean package -DskipTests# 运行应用
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["java", "-jar", "target/*.jar"]

Docker Compose开发环境

# docker-compose.dev.yml
version: '3.8'services:app:build: .ports:- "8080:8080"environment:- SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=dev- NACOS_SERVER=nacos:8848- MYSQL_HOST=mysql- REDIS_HOST=redisdepends_on:- mysql- redis- nacosvolumes:- ./logs:/app/logsmysql:image: mysql:8.0environment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root123MYSQL_DATABASE: userdbports:- "3306:3306"volumes:- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysqlredis:image: redis:7-alpineports:- "6379:6379"volumes:- redis_data:/datanacos:image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.0environment:MODE: standaloneSPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM: mysqlMYSQL_SERVICE_HOST: mysqlMYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME: nacosMYSQL_SERVICE_USER: rootMYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD: root123ports:- "8848:8848"depends_on:- mysqlvolumes:mysql_data:redis_data:

环境验证与测试

1. 环境验证脚本

#!/bin/bash
# verify-environment.shecho "=== Java开发环境验证 ==="# 检查Java版本
echo "1. 检查Java版本..."
java -version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ Java安装成功"
elseecho "❌ Java安装失败"exit 1
fi# 检查Maven版本
echo "2. 检查Maven版本..."
mvn -version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ Maven安装成功"
elseecho "❌ Maven安装失败"exit 1
fi# 检查Git版本
echo "3. 检查Git版本..."
git --version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ Git安装成功"
elseecho "❌ Git安装失败"exit 1
fi# 检查Docker版本
echo "4. 检查Docker版本..."
docker --version
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ Docker安装成功"
elseecho "❌ Docker安装失败"exit 1
fi# 检查数据库连接
echo "5. 检查数据库连接..."
mysql -h localhost -u root -p -e "SELECT 1" 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ MySQL连接成功"
elseecho "❌ MySQL连接失败"
fi# 检查Redis连接
echo "6. 检查Redis连接..."
redis-cli ping 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ Redis连接成功"
elseecho "❌ Redis连接失败"
fiecho "=== 环境验证完成 ==="

2. 项目初始化测试

#!/bin/bash
# init-project.shecho "=== 项目初始化测试 ==="# 创建测试项目
echo "1. 创建测试项目..."
mvn archetype:generate \-DgroupId=com.example.test \-DartifactId=test-project \-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \-DinteractiveMode=falseif [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ 项目创建成功"
elseecho "❌ 项目创建失败"exit 1
fi# 进入项目目录
cd test-project# 编译项目
echo "2. 编译项目..."
mvn clean compile
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ 项目编译成功"
elseecho "❌ 项目编译失败"exit 1
fi# 运行测试
echo "3. 运行测试..."
mvn test
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ 测试运行成功"
elseecho "❌ 测试运行失败"exit 1
fi# 打包项目
echo "4. 打包项目..."
mvn package
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "✅ 项目打包成功"
elseecho "❌ 项目打包失败"exit 1
fi# 清理测试项目
cd ..
rm -rf test-projectecho "=== 项目初始化测试完成 ==="

性能优化建议

1. JVM性能调优

开发环境调优

# 开发环境JVM参数
export JAVA_OPTS_DEV="-Xms512m -Xmx2g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=dev"# 启用调试信息
export JAVA_OPTS_DEV="$JAVA_OPTS_DEV -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=5005"

生产环境调优

# 生产环境JVM参数
export JAVA_OPTS_PROD="-Xms2g -Xmx8g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=100 -XX:+UseStringDeduplication -XX:+OptimizeStringConcat -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/var/logs/heapdump.hprof -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai -Dspring.profiles.active=prod"# 启用JMX监控
export JAVA_OPTS_PROD="$JAVA_OPTS_PROD -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false"

2. Maven性能优化

Maven配置优化

<!-- settings.xml 性能优化配置 -->
<settings><!-- 并行构建 --><profiles><profile><id>performance</id><properties><maven.compiler.fork>true</maven.compiler.fork><maven.compiler.maxmem>1024m</maven.compiler.maxmem><maven.test.skip>false</maven.test.skip><maven.javadoc.skip>true</maven.javadoc.skip></properties></profile></profiles><activeProfiles><activeProfile>performance</activeProfile></activeProfiles>
</settings>

构建优化脚本

#!/bin/bash
# build-optimized.shecho "=== 优化构建开始 ==="# 清理并跳过测试构建
echo "1. 快速构建（跳过测试）..."
mvn clean package -DskipTests -T 4C# 运行测试
echo "2. 运行测试..."
mvn test -T 4C# 生成报告
echo "3. 生成报告..."
mvn site -T 4Cecho "=== 优化构建完成 ==="

常见问题与解决方案

1. 环境配置问题

问题1：Java版本不匹配

# 症状：编译时出现版本错误
# 错误信息：Source option 17 is no longer supported. Use 21 or later.# 解决方案：
# 1. 检查JAVA_HOME环境变量
echo $JAVA_HOME# 2. 更新Maven编译器配置
# 在pom.xml中设置正确的Java版本
<properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>

问题2：Maven依赖下载失败

# 症状：依赖下载超时或失败
# 错误信息：Could not transfer artifact# 解决方案：
# 1. 配置阿里云镜像
# 在settings.xml中添加镜像配置
<mirrors><mirror><id>aliyun</id><name>Aliyun Maven</name><url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf></mirror>
</mirrors># 2. 清理本地仓库
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

2. 开发工具问题

问题3：Cursor IDE插件冲突

// 解决方案：禁用冲突插件
{"extensions.ignoreRecommendations": false,"extensions.autoUpdate": false,"java.configuration.runtimes": [{"name": "JavaSE-17","path": "/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk"}]
}

问题4：数据库连接问题

# 解决方案：检查数据库配置
spring:datasource:url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/userdb?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=trueusername: rootpassword: passworddriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverhikari:maximum-pool-size: 20minimum-idle: 5connection-timeout: 30000idle-timeout: 600000max-lifetime: 1800000