英语“近音“易混单词
在英语学习过程中，易混词是许多学习者常遇到的难点。这些单词可能在发音、拼写或词义上相似，容易导致误解和误用。本文基于详细的易混词对比表格，扩展和优化了相关内容，通过结构化的解析、可视化图表和实用示例，帮助读者系统掌握这些词汇的区别。文章涵盖了近音/近形易混词、词形/词义易混词以及用法辨析，并附有单词表和学习关键词，旨在提升英语词汇运用的准确性。
1. 引言
英语中的易混词大致可分为三类：近音/近形词（发音或拼写相似）、词形/词义词（拼写或含义相近）以及用法辨析词（语法或搭配不同）。这些词汇在口语和书面表达中容易混淆，影响沟通效果。例如，“desert”和“dessert”仅一个字母之差，但含义截然不同。本文将通过表格、图表和例句，深入解析这些易混词，并提供学习建议。
2. 近音/近形易混词
近音/近形词指发音或拼写相似的单词，但词义不同。这类词在听力或快速阅读中容易出错。以下表格总结了常见例子，我们还将通过Mermaid UML图表展示部分单词的对比关系。
表格：近音/近形易混词
| 单词 | 释义 | 易混词 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| charge | 充电；指控 | change | 改变 |
| clean | 干净的；使干净 | clear | 清楚的 |
| colleague | 同事 | college | 大学 |
| compete | 竞争 | complete | 完成 |
| circle | 画圆圈 | cycle | 骑自行车 |
| couch | 长沙发 | coach | 教练；长途车 |
| desert | 抛弃；沙漠 | dessert | 甜点 |
| dust | 灰尘 | dusk | 黄昏 |
| dive | 跳水 | drive | 驾驶 |
| expect | 期望 | except | 除…之外 |
| house | 房子 | horse | 马 |
| idea | 主意 | ideal | 理想的 |
| found | 建立 | fund | 基金 |
| former | 以前的 | formal | 正式的 |
| principle | 原则 | principal | 主要的 |
| fresh | 新鲜的 | flesh | 肉体 |
| attitude | 态度 | altitude | 高度 |
| along | 沿着 | alone | 孤独的 |
| identify | 识别 | identity | 身份 |
| adapt | 适应；改编 | adopt | 采纳 |
| inland | 内陆的 | island | 岛 |
| angle | 角度 | ankle | 脚踝 |
| angel | 天使 | - | - |
| later | 后来的 | latter | 后面的 |
| litter | 垃圾 | little | 小的；少的 |
| loose | 松的 | lose | 丢失 |
| marry | 结婚 | merry | 快乐的 |
| attach | 系；附属 | attack | 攻击 |
| attract | 吸引 | - | - |
| appropriately | 适当地 | approximately | 大约 |
| board | 板；委员会 | broad | 宽阔的 |
| breath | 呼吸 | breathe | 呼吸 |
| capital | 首都 | captain | 上校；船长 |
| caption | 说明文字 | - | - |
| conservation | 保存 | conversation | 对话 |
| owe | 欠 | own | 自己的；拥有 |
解析与示例
近音词混淆常源于发音相似，例如“charge”和“change”。前者多指充电或指控，后者强调改变。通过上下文区分是关键：
- “I need to charge my phone.”（我需要给手机充电。）
- “Let’s change the plan.”（我们改变计划吧。）
为了更直观地展示这些词的关系，以下使用Mermaid类图对比几组常见近音词。图表突出了单词的释义和易混点，帮助读者可视化记忆。
学习建议：多听多说，通过例句强化记忆。例如，使用“desert”联想沙漠的干燥，而“dessert”有兩個“s”像甜点更甜。
3. 词形/词义易混词
这类词在拼写或含义上相近，但用法不同。我们分为基础易混词、进阶易混词和词义辨析三部分，并添加UML流程图展示区分逻辑。
3.1 基础易混词
| 单词 | 释义 | 易混词 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| feel | 感觉 | fall (过去式) | fell |
| process | 过程 | progress | 进展 |
| rain | 下雨 | ruin | 废墟；毁灭 |
| soap | 肥皂 | soup | 汤 |
| sew | 缝纫 | sow | 播种 |
| staff | 全体职员 | stuff | 东西；材料 |
| series | 系列 | serious | 严肃的 |
| shirt | 衬衫 | skirt | 裙子 |
| sign | 迹象；符号 | sigh | 叹息 |
| text | 文本 | test | 测试 |
| weather | 天气 | whether | 是否 |
| weigh | 称重 | weight | 重量 |
| word | 单词；话语 | world | 世界 |
| wrist | 腕关节 | waist | 腰 |
3.2 进阶易混词
| 单词 | 释义 | 易混词 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| award | 奖品 | reward | 回报 |
| awesome | 敬畏的 | awful | 糟糕的 |
| automatic | 自动 | autonomous | 自治 |
| astronaut | 宇航员 | astronomer | 天文学家 |
| anyhow | 不管怎样 | somehow | 以某种方式 |
| bachelor | 学士 | scholar | 学者 |
| celebrate | 庆祝 | congratulate | 祝贺 |
| cautious | 谨慎的 | curious | 好奇的 |
| civilization | 文明 | customer | 顾客 |
| contradictory | 矛盾的 | controversial | 争议的 |
| culture | 文化 | consumer | 消费者 |
| companion | 同伴 | company | 公司 |
| different | 不同的 | difficult | 困难的 |
| electric | 电的 | electronic | 电子的 |
| unlike | 不像 | dislike | 不喜欢 |
3.3 词义辨析
| 词语 | 用法 | 词语 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| problem | 常和困难联系 | question | 常和疑问联系 |
| price | 价格 | prize | 奖，奖品，奖金 |
| the people | 指人 | a people | 指民族 |
| work | 工作（不可数） | job | 工作（可数） |
| until | 到…为止 | not…until | 直到…才 |
| because | 连接两句话 | because of | 后接词或短语 |
| cook | 厨师 | cooker | 厨具 |
| raise | 及物动词 | rise | 不及物动词 |
| that | 指代上文所提到的 | this | 引出下文所强调的 |
解析与示例
词形易混词如“weather”和“whether”，前者指天气，后者表示是否。进阶词如“award”和“reward”都涉及奖励，但“award”更正式，指奖品，而“reward”强调回报。
- “The weather is nice today.”（今天天气很好。）
- “I don’t know whether to go.”（我不知道是否该去。）
学习建议：结合词根记忆，例如“electric”源自“electron”，而“electronic”与电子产品相关。多阅读上下文，增强语感。
4. 用法辨析
用法辨析关注单词在句子中的语法角色和搭配，例如介词使用或词性区别。这部分内容帮助避免语法错误。
表格：用法辨析
| 词语/短语 | 用法 | 词语/短语 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| high | 具体的高 | highly | 抽象的高，高度的 |
| listen | 强调动作 | hear | 强调结果 |
| answer | 及物动词 | reply | 不及物动词，后接 to |
| excited | 感到兴奋的 | exciting | 令人兴奋的 |
| learn | 侧重学习的结果 | study | 侧重学习的过程 |
| who | 指姓名或关系 | what | 指职业或地位 |
| too much | 后接不可数名词 | much too | 后接形容词 |
| through | 穿越空间 | across | 在…上穿过 |
| instead | 副词，放句首或句末 | instead of | 介词短语，放句中 |
| happy | 高兴，幸福，定/表均可 | glad | 高兴，只能做表语 |
| in front of | 范围外的前面 | in the front of | 范围内的前面 |
| next year | 将来时间状语 | the next year | 过去将来时间状语 |
| drop | 及物/不及物均可 | fall | 不及物动词 |
| live on | 以…为主食 | live by | 靠…谋生 |
| change for | 调换成 | change into | 变成 |
| agree with | 同意某人 | agree to | 同意某事 |
| close/shut | 关（可开合物） | turn off | 关（有开关物） |
| no | = not a/any | not | 不 |
| go for a doctor | 去请医生 | go to a doctor | 去看病 |
| exercise | 运动，锻炼（不可数） | exercises | 练习（可数） |
| practice | 反复做的练习 | - | - |
| police | 警察总称，复数谓语 | policeman | 具体警察，单数 |
| a number of | 许多，复数谓语 | the number of | …的数目，单数谓语 |
| between | 两者/多者间两两关系 | among | 三者以上之间 |
| good | 形容词 | well | 副词（健康时形容词） |
解析与示例
用法辨析词如“listen”和“hear”：前者强调听的动作，后者强调结果。
- “I listen to music every day.”（我每天听音乐。）
- “I can hear the birds.”（我能听到鸟声。）
另一个常见例子是“agree with”和“agree to”：
- “I agree with you.”（我同意你。）
- “I agree to the plan.”（我同意这个计划。）
以下Mermaid类图展示了用法辨析中介词搭配的对比：
学习建议：制作闪卡练习搭配，例如写下“agree with”和“agree to”的例句。多使用语法检查工具验证句子。
5. 单词与短语表
以下表格提取自文章中的所有英文单词和短语，包括音标、词性、释义、词根/词缀、同义词/反义词（可选）和例句。音标基于标准英语发音，词根/词缀和同义词/反义词为可选内容，旨在辅助记忆。
| 单词/短语 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 词根/词缀 | 同义词/反义词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| charge | /tʃɑːrdʒ/ | 动词/名词 | 充电；指控 | charg- (负载) | 同: accuse / 反: free | I will charge the battery. |
| change | /tʃeɪndʒ/ | 动词/名词 | 改变 | chang- (变换) | 同: alter / 反: stay | Let’s change the topic. |
| clean | /kliːn/ | 形容词/动词 | 干净的；使干净 | - | 同: tidy / 反: dirty | She clean the room. |
| clear | /klɪər/ | 形容词 | 清楚的 | - | 同: obvious / 反: vague | The instructions are clear. |
| colleague | /ˈkɑːliːɡ/ | 名词 | 同事 | col- (共同) + league | 同: coworker | My colleague helped me. |
| college | /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/ | 名词 | 大学 | - | 同: university | He studies at a college. |
| compete | /kəmˈpiːt/ | 动词 | 竞争 | com- (共同) + pete | 同: contest | They compete in sports. |
| complete | /kəmˈpliːt/ | 动词/形容词 | 完成；完整的 | com- (完全) + plete | 同: finish / 反: incomplete | Please complete the form. |
| circle | /ˈsɜːrkl/ | 名词/动词 | 画圆圈 | circ- (环) | 同: ring | Draw a circle on the paper. |
| cycle | /ˈsaɪkl/ | 名词/动词 | 骑自行车 | cycl- (轮) | 同: bike | I cycle to work daily. |
| couch | /kaʊtʃ/ | 名词 | 长沙发 | - | 同: sofa | Sit on the couch. |
| coach | /koʊtʃ/ | 名词 | 教练；长途车 | - | 同: trainer | The coach trains the team. |
| desert | /ˈdezərt/ | 名词/动词 | 抛弃；沙漠 | - | 同: abandon / 反: keep | The desert is hot. |
| dessert | /dɪˈzɜːrt/ | 名词 | 甜点 | - | 同: sweet | We had dessert after dinner. |
| dust | /dʌst/ | 名词 | 灰尘 | - | 同: dirt | Dust covers the table. |
| dusk | /dʌsk/ | 名词 | 黄昏 | - | 同: twilight / 反: dawn | The sky glows at dusk. |
| dive | /daɪv/ | 动词 | 跳水 | - | 同: plunge | He will dive into the pool. |
| drive | /draɪv/ | 动词 | 驾驶 | - | 同: operate | She drives a car. |
| expect | /ɪkˈspekt/ | 动词 | 期望 | ex- (出) + spect | 同: anticipate | I expect a reply. |
| except | /ɪkˈsept/ | 介词 | 除…之外 | ex- (出) + cept | 同: excluding | All except John came. |
| house | /haʊs/ | 名词 | 房子 | - | 同: home | They bought a house. |
| horse | /hɔːrs/ | 名词 | 马 | - | 同: steed | The horse runs fast. |
| idea | /aɪˈdiːə/ | 名词 | 主意 | - | 同: concept | That’s a great idea. |
| ideal | /aɪˈdiːəl/ | 形容词 | 理想的 | - | 同: perfect / 反: flawed | It’s an ideal solution. |
| found | /faʊnd/ | 动词 | 建立 | - | 同: establish | They found a company. |
| fund | /fʌnd/ | 名词 | 基金 | - | 同: capital | The fund supports research. |
| former | /ˈfɔːrmər/ | 形容词 | 以前的 | - | 同: previous / 反: current | My former teacher visited. |
| formal | /ˈfɔːrməl/ | 形容词 | 正式的 | - | 同: official / 反: informal | Wear formal clothes. |
| principle | /ˈprɪnsəpl/ | 名词 | 原则 | - | 同: rule | He has strong principles. |
| principal | /ˈprɪnsəpl/ | 形容词/名词 | 主要的；校长 | - | 同: main / 反: minor | The principal reason is cost. |
| fresh | /freʃ/ | 形容词 | 新鲜的 | - | 同: new / 反: stale | Buy fresh vegetables. |
| flesh | /fleʃ/ | 名词 | 肉体 | - | 同: meat | The flesh is soft. |
| attitude | /ˈætɪtuːd/ | 名词 | 态度 | - | 同: mindset | Her attitude is positive. |
| altitude | /ˈæltɪtuːd/ | 名词 | 高度 | alt- (高) | 同: height | The plane flies at high altitude. |
| along | /əˈlɔːŋ/ | 介词 | 沿着 | - | 同: alongside | Walk along the road. |
| alone | /əˈloʊn/ | 形容词 | 孤独的 | - | 同: solitary / 反: together | He feels alone. |
| identify | /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ | 动词 | 识别 | ident- (相同) | 同: recognize | Can you identify the problem? |
| identity | /aɪˈdentəti/ | 名词 | 身份 | ident- (相同) | 同: self | She proved her identity. |
| adapt | /əˈdæpt/ | 动词 | 适应；改编 | ad- (向) + apt | 同: adjust | Plants adapt to climate. |
| adopt | /əˈdɑːpt/ | 动词 | 采纳 | ad- (向) + opt | 同: embrace | They adopt a new policy. |
| inland | /ˈɪnlænd/ | 形容词 | 内陆的 | in- (内) + land | 同: interior / 反: coastal | Inland areas are dry. |
| island | /ˈaɪlənd/ | 名词 | 岛 | - | 同: isle | They live on an island. |
| angle | /ˈæŋɡl/ | 名词 | 角度 | - | 同: perspective | Measure the angle. |
| ankle | /ˈæŋkl/ | 名词 | 脚踝 | - | - | She twisted her ankle. |
| angel | /ˈeɪndʒəl/ | 名词 | 天使 | - | 同: celestial being | The angel appears in stories. |
| later | /ˈleɪtər/ | 形容词/副词 | 后来的 | - | 同: subsequent / 反: earlier | See you later. |
| latter | /ˈlætər/ | 形容词 | 后面的 | - | 同: second / 反: former | I prefer the latter option. |
| litter | /ˈlɪtər/ | 名词 | 垃圾 | - | 同: trash | Don’t drop litter. |
| little | /ˈlɪtl/ | 形容词 | 小的；少的 | - | 同: small / 反: big | A little child played. |
| loose | /luːs/ | 形容词 | 松的 | - | 同: slack / 反: tight | The knot is loose. |
| lose | /luːz/ | 动词 | 丢失 | - | 同: misplace / 反: find | Don’t lose your keys. |
| marry | /ˈmæri/ | 动词 | 结婚 | - | 同: wed | They will marry soon. |
| merry | /ˈmeri/ | 形容词 | 快乐的 | - | 同: cheerful / 反: sad | Merry Christmas! |
| attach | /əˈtætʃ/ | 动词 | 系；附属 | at- (向) + tach | 同: connect / 反: detach | Attach the file to the email. |
| attack | /əˈtæk/ | 动词/名词 | 攻击 | - | 同: assault / 反: defend | The army will attack. |
| attract | /əˈtrækt/ | 动词 | 吸引 | at- (向) + tract | 同: draw / 反: repel | Flowers attract bees. |
| appropriately | /əˈproʊpriətli/ | 副词 | 适当地 | ap- (向) + propri | 同: suitably | Dress appropriately for the event. |
| approximately | /əˈprɑːksɪmətli/ | 副词 | 大约 | ap- (向) + proxim | 同: roughly | It costs approximately $10. |
| board | /bɔːrd/ | 名词 | 板；委员会 | - | 同: panel | The board meets today. |
| broad | /brɔːd/ | 形容词 | 宽阔的 | - | 同: wide / 反: narrow | The river is broad. |
| breath | /breθ/ | 名词 | 呼吸 | - | 同: inhalation | Take a deep breath. |
| breathe | /briːð/ | 动词 | 呼吸 | - | 同: inhale | Breathe slowly. |
| capital | /ˈkæpɪtl/ | 名词 | 首都 | - | 同: city | Beijing is the capital. |
| captain | /ˈkæptɪn/ | 名词 | 上校；船长 | - | 同: leader | The captain commands the ship. |
| caption | /ˈkæpʃn/ | 名词 | 说明文字 | - | 同: subtitle | Read the caption below the image. |
| conservation | /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/ | 名词 | 保存 | con- (共同) + serv | 同: preservation | Energy conservation is important. |
| conversation | /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃn/ | 名词 | 对话 | con- (共同) + vers | 同: discussion | We had a long conversation. |
| owe | /oʊ/ | 动词 | 欠 | - | 同: be indebted | I owe you money. |
| own | /oʊn/ | 动词/形容词 | 自己的；拥有 | - | 同: possess | This is my own book. |
| feel | /fiːl/ | 动词 | 感觉 | - | 同: sense | I feel happy today. |
| fall (过去式) | /fɛl/ | 动词 | fell | - | 同: drop | He fell down yesterday. |
| process | /ˈprɑːses/ | 名词 | 过程 | - | 同: procedure | The process is slow. |
| progress | /ˈprɑːɡres/ | 名词 | 进展 | pro- (向前) + gress | 同: advancement | We made progress. |
| rain | /reɪn/ | 名词/动词 | 下雨 | - | 同: precipitation | The rain started. |
| ruin | /ˈruːɪn/ | 名词/动词 | 废墟；毁灭 | - | 同: destroy / 反: build | The storm will ruin the crops. |
| soap | /soʊp/ | 名词 | 肥皂 | - | 同: detergent | Use soap to wash hands. |
| soup | /suːp/ | 名词 | 汤 | - | 同: broth | I love tomato soup. |
| sew | /soʊ/ | 动词 | 缝纫 | - | 同: stitch | She will sew a dress. |
| sow | /soʊ/ | 动词 | 播种 | - | 同: plant | Farmers sow seeds in spring. |
| staff | /stæf/ | 名词 | 全体职员 | - | 同: employees | The staff is friendly. |
| stuff | /stʌf/ | 名词 | 东西；材料 | - | 同: things | I have too much stuff. |
| series | /ˈsɪriːz/ | 名词 | 系列 | - | 同: sequence | Watch the TV series. |
| serious | /ˈsɪriəs/ | 形容词 | 严肃的 | - | 同: grave / 反: funny | He has a serious expression. |
| shirt | /ʃɜːrt/ | 名词 | 衬衫 | - | 同: blouse | He wears a blue shirt. |
| skirt | /skɜːrt/ | 名词 | 裙子 | - | 同: dress | She bought a new skirt. |
| sign | /saɪn/ | 名词/动词 | 迹象；符号 | - | 同: signal | The sign says “Stop”. |
| sigh | /saɪ/ | 动词/名词 | 叹息 | - | 同: groan | He let out a sigh. |
| text | /tekst/ | 名词 | 文本 | - | 同: writing | Read the text carefully. |
| test | /test/ | 名词/动词 | 测试 | - | 同: exam | We have a test tomorrow. |
| weather | /ˈweðər/ | 名词 | 天气 | - | 同: climate | The weather is sunny. |
| whether | /ˈweðər/ | 连词 | 是否 | - | 同: if | I wonder whether he will come. |
| weigh | /weɪ/ | 动词 | 称重 | - | 同: measure | Weigh the fruit. |
| weight | /weɪt/ | 名词 | 重量 | - | 同: heaviness | The weight is 5 kg. |
| word | /wɜːrd/ | 名词 | 单词；话语 | - | 同: term | Learn a new word daily. |
| world | /wɜːrld/ | 名词 | 世界 | - | 同: globe | Travel around the world. |
| wrist | /rɪst/ | 名词 | 腕关节 | - | - | She wears a watch on her wrist. |
| waist | /weɪst/ | 名词 | 腰 | - | - | He has a slim waist. |
| award | /əˈwɔːrd/ | 名词 | 奖品 | - | 同: prize | She won an award. |
| reward | /rɪˈwɔːrd/ | 名词 | 回报 | - | 同: compensation | The reward is money. |
| awesome | /ˈɔːsəm/ | 形容词 | 敬畏的 | - | 同: amazing / 反: terrible | The view is awesome. |
| awful | /ˈɔːfl/ | 形容词 | 糟糕的 | - | 同: terrible / 反: wonderful | The weather is awful. |
| automatic | /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ | 形容词 | 自动 | auto- (自己) | 同: self-acting | The door is automatic. |
| autonomous | /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/ | 形容词 | 自治 | auto- (自己) + nom | 同: independent | The region is autonomous. |
| astronaut | /ˈæstrənɔːt/ | 名词 | 宇航员 | astro- (星) + naut | 同: spaceman | The astronaut went to space. |
| astronomer | /əˈstrɑːnəmər/ | 名词 | 天文学家 | astro- (星) + nom | 同: star scientist | The astronomer studies stars. |
| anyhow | /ˈenihaʊ/ | 副词 | 不管怎样 | - | 同: anyway | Anyhow, I’ll try. |
| somehow | /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ | 副词 | 以某种方式 | - | 同: in some way | Somehow, he succeeded. |
| bachelor | /ˈbætʃələr/ | 名词 | 学士 | - | 同: graduate | He is a bachelor of arts. |
| scholar | /ˈskɑːlər/ | 名词 | 学者 | schol- (学校) | 同: academic | The scholar published a paper. |
| celebrate | /ˈselɪbreɪt/ | 动词 | 庆祝 | - | 同: rejoice | We celebrate birthdays. |
| congratulate | /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/ | 动词 | 祝贺 | - | 同: praise | I congratulate you on your success. |
| cautious | /ˈkɔːʃəs/ | 形容词 | 谨慎的 | - | 同: careful / 反: reckless | Be cautious when driving. |
| curious | /ˈkjʊriəs/ | 形容词 | 好奇的 | - | 同: inquisitive | She is curious about the world. |
| civilization | /ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃn/ | 名词 | 文明 | civ- (公民) | 同: society | Ancient civilization is fascinating. |
| customer | /ˈkʌstəmər/ | 名词 | 顾客 | - | 同: client | The customer is always right. |
| contradictory | /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri/ | 形容词 | 矛盾的 | contra- (反对) | 同: conflicting | His statements are contradictory. |
| controversial | /ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/ | 形容词 | 争议的 | contro- (反对) | 同: debatable | The topic is controversial. |
| culture | /ˈkʌltʃər/ | 名词 | 文化 | - | 同: traditions | Learn about local culture. |
| consumer | /kənˈsuːmər/ | 名词 | 消费者 | con- (完全) + sum | 同: buyer | Consumers demand quality. |
| companion | /kəmˈpæniən/ | 名词 | 同伴 | com- (共同) + pan | 同: partner | My dog is my companion. |
| company | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | 名词 | 公司 | - | 同: firm | He works for a company. |
| different | /ˈdɪfrənt/ | 形容词 | 不同的 | dif- (分开) | 同: distinct / 反: same | They have different opinions. |
| difficult | /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ | 形容词 | 困难的 | dif- (不) + ficult | 同: hard / 反: easy | The exam is difficult. |
| electric | /ɪˈlektrɪk/ | 形容词 | 电的 | electr- (电) | 同: powered | Electric cars are eco-friendly. |
| electronic | /ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪk/ | 形容词 | 电子的 | electr- (电) | 同: digital | Electronic devices are common. |
| unlike | /ʌnˈlaɪk/ | 介词 | 不像 | un- (不) + like | 同: different from | Unlike him, she is tall. |
| dislike | /dɪsˈlaɪk/ | 动词 | 不喜欢 | dis- (不) + like | 同: hate / 反: like | I dislike cold weather. |
| problem | /ˈprɑːbləm/ | 名词 | 问题 | - | 同: issue | Solve the problem. |
| question | /ˈkwestʃən/ | 名词 | 问题 | - | 同: query | Answer the question. |
| price | /praɪs/ | 名词 | 价格 | - | 同: cost | The price is high. |
| prize | /praɪz/ | 名词 | 奖，奖品，奖金 | - | 同: award | He won a prize. |
| the people | - | 短语 | 指人 | - | - | The people are happy. |
| a people | - | 短语 | 指民族 | - | - | A people with rich culture. |
| work | /wɜːrk/ | 名词 | 工作（不可数） | - | 同: labor | I have work to do. |
| job | /dʒɑːb/ | 名词 | 工作（可数） | - | 同: occupation | She has a new job. |
| until | /ənˈtɪl/ | 介词/连词 | 到…为止 | - | 同: till | Wait until tomorrow. |
| not…until | - | 短语 | 直到…才 | - | - | I did not leave until he came. |
| because | /bɪˈkɔːz/ | 连词 | 连接两句话 | - | 同: since | I stayed because it rained. |
| because of | - | 短语 | 后接词或短语 | - | - | I stayed because of the rain. |
| cook | /kʊk/ | 名词 | 厨师 | - | 同: chef | The cook prepares meals. |
| cooker | /ˈkʊkər/ | 名词 | 厨具 | - | 同: stove | The cooker is electric. |
| raise | /reɪz/ | 动词 | 及物动词 | - | 同: lift / 反: lower | Raise your hand. |
| rise | /raɪz/ | 动词 | 不及物动词 | - | 同: ascend / 反: fall | The sun rises in the east. |
| that | /ðæt/ | 代词 | 指代上文所提到的 | - | - | That is my book. |
| this | /ðɪs/ | 代词 | 引出下文所强调的 | - | - | This is important. |
| high | /haɪ/ | 形容词 | 具体的高 | - | 同: tall / 反: low | The mountain is high. |
| highly | /ˈhaɪli/ | 副词 | 抽象的高，高度的 | - | 同: very | She is highly skilled. |
| listen | /ˈlɪsn/ | 动词 | 强调动作 | - | 同: hear | Listen to the music. |
| hear | /hɪər/ | 动词 | 强调结果 | - | 同: perceive | I hear a noise. |
| answer | /ˈænsər/ | 动词 | 及物动词 | - | 同: reply | Answer the question. |
| reply | /rɪˈplaɪ/ | 动词 | 不及物动词，后接 to | - | 同: respond | Reply to the email. |
| excited | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ | 形容词 | 感到兴奋的 | - | 同: thrilled / 反: bored | I am excited about the trip. |
| exciting | /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ | 形容词 | 令人兴奋的 | - | 同: thrilling | The game is exciting. |
| learn | /lɜːrn/ | 动词 | 侧重学习的结果 | - | 同: acquire | I learn English. |
| study | /ˈstʌdi/ | 动词 | 侧重学习的过程 | - | 同: research | She studies hard. |
| who | /huː/ | 代词 | 指姓名或关系 | - | - | Who is that? |
| what | /wʌt/ | 代词 | 指职业或地位 | - | - | What is your job? |
| too much | - | 短语 | 后接不可数名词 | - | - | Too much water is spilled. |
| much too | - | 短语 | 后接形容词 | - | - | It is much too hot. |
| through | /θruː/ | 介词 | 穿越空间 | - | 同: via | Walk through the tunnel. |
| across | /əˈkrɔːs/ | 介词 | 在…上穿过 | - | 同: over | Swim across the river. |
| instead | /ɪnˈsted/ | 副词 | 放句首或句末 | - | 同: alternatively | I’ll go instead. |
| instead of | - | 短语 | 介词短语，放句中 | - | - | Use pencil instead of pen. |
| happy | /ˈhæpi/ | 形容词 | 高兴，幸福，定/表均可 | - | 同: joyful / 反: sad | She is happy. |
| glad | /ɡlæd/ | 形容词 | 高兴，只能做表语 | - | 同: pleased | I am glad to see you. |
| in front of | - | 短语 | 范围外的前面 | - | - | The car is in front of the house. |
| in the front of | - | 短语 | 范围内的前面 | - | - | He sits in the front of the class. |
| next year | - | 短语 | 将来时间状语 | - | - | I will travel next year. |
| the next year | - | 短语 | 过去将来时间状语 | - | - | He said he would travel the next year. |
| drop | /drɑːp/ | 动词 | 及物/不及物均可 | - | 同: fall | Drop the ball. |
| fall | /fɔːl/ | 动词 | 不及物动词 | - | 同: drop | Leaves fall in autumn. |
| live on | - | 短语 | 以…为主食 | - | - | They live on rice. |
| live by | - | 短语 | 靠…谋生 | - | - | He lives by fishing. |
| change for | - | 短语 | 调换成 | - | - | Change the shirt for a larger size. |
| change into | - | 短语 | 变成 | - | - | The caterpillar changes into a butterfly. |
| agree with | - | 短语 | 同意某人 | - | - | I agree with you. |
| agree to | - | 短语 | 同意某事 | - | - | I agree to the proposal. |
| close/shut | /kloʊz/ /ʃʌt/ | 动词 | 关（可开合物） | - | 同: seal / 反: open | Close the door. |
| turn off | - | 短语 | 关（有开关物） | - | 同: switch off | Turn off the light. |
| no | /noʊ/ | 限定词 | = not a/any | - | - | No problem. |
| not | /nɑːt/ | 副词 | 不 | - | - | I am not tired. |
| go for a doctor | - | 短语 | 去请医生 | - | - | Go for a doctor quickly! |
| go to a doctor | - | 短语 | 去看病 | - | - | I go to a doctor for a check-up. |
| exercise | /ˈeksərsaɪz/ | 名词 | 运动，锻炼（不可数） | - | 同: workout | Do exercise daily. |
| exercises | /ˈeksərsaɪzɪz/ | 名词 | 练习（可数） | - | 同: drills | Complete the exercises. |
| practice | /ˈpræktɪs/ | 名词 | 反复做的练习 | - | 同: rehearsal | Practice makes perfect. |
| police | /pəˈliːs/ | 名词 | 警察总称，复数谓语 | - | - | The police are investigating. |
| policeman | /pəˈliːsmən/ | 名词 | 具体警察，单数 | - | - | A policeman helped me. |
| a number of | - | 短语 | 许多，复数谓语 | - | - | A number of students are here. |
| the number of | - | 短语 | …的数目，单数谓语 | - | - | The number of cars is increasing. |
| between | /bɪˈtwiːn/ | 介词 | 两者/多者间两两关系 | - | 同: among | Choose between A and B. |
| among | /əˈmʌŋ/ | 介词 | 三者以上之间 | - | 同: amidst | Share among friends. |
| good | /ɡʊd/ | 形容词 | 形容词 | - | 同: excellent / 反: bad | She is a good student. |
| well | /wel/ | 副词 | 副词（健康时形容词） | - | 同: properly | He speaks well. |
7. 结语
掌握英语易混词需要持续练习和上下文理解。本文通过表格、图表和单词表，提供了系统学习工具。建议读者多读多写，结合例句记忆，并利用关键词复习。如果您有更多易混词疑问，欢迎在评论区讨论！