python｜运算符
本文总结了 Python 中的各类运算符 (Operators)，包括算术、比较、逻辑、位运算、成员、身份及赋值运算符，每类均附带示例代码与输出结果。
算术运算符 (Arithmetic Operators)
运算符 | 说明 (Description) | 示例 (Example) | 输出 (Output) |
+ | 加法 (Addition) | a + b | 8 |
- | 减法 (Subtraction) | a - b | 2 |
* | 乘法 (Multiplication) | a * b | 15 |
/ | 除法 (Division) | a / b | 1.6667 |
// | 整除 (Floor Division) | a // b | 1 |
% | 取余 (Modulus) | a % b | 2 |
** | 幂运算 (Exponentiation) | a ** b | 125 |
比较运算符 (Comparison Operators)
运算符 | 说明 | 示例 | 输出 |
== | 等于 (Equal to) | a == b | False |
!= | 不等于 (Not equal to) | a != b | True |
> | 大于 (Greater than) | a > b | True |
< | 小于 (Less than) | a < b | False |
>= | 大于等于 (Greater or equal) | a >= b | True |
<= | 小于等于 (Less or equal) | a <= b | False |
逻辑运算符 (Logical Operators)
运算符 | 说明 | 示例 | 输出 |
and | 逻辑与 (Logical AND) | a > 1 and b < 10 | True |
or | 逻辑或 (Logical OR) | a < 1 or b < 10 | True |
not | 逻辑非 (Logical NOT) | not(a > b) | False |
位运算符 (Bitwise Operators)
运算符 | 说明 | 示例 | 输出 |
& | 按位与 (Bitwise AND) | a & b | 1 |
| | 按位或 (Bitwise OR) | a | b | 7 |
^ | 按位异或 (Bitwise XOR) | a ^ b | 6 |
~ | 按位取反 (Bitwise NOT) | ~a | -6 |
<< | 左移 (Left shift) | a << 1 | 10 |
>> | 右移 (Right shift) | a >> 1 | 2 |
赋值运算符 (Assignment Operators)
运算符 | 说明 | 示例 | 输出 |
= | 直接赋值 (Assignment) | a = 5 | a = 5 |
+= | 加后赋值 (Add and assign) | a += 3 | a = 8 |
-= | 减后赋值 (Subtract and assign) | a -= 2 | a = 3 |
*= | 乘后赋值 (Multiply and assign) | a *= 2 | a = 10 |
/= | 除后赋值 (Divide and assign) | a /= 2 | a = 2.5 |
//= | 整除赋值 (Floor divide and assign) | a //= 3 | a = 1 |
%= | 取余赋值 (Modulus and assign) | a %= 2 | a = 1 |
**= | 幂赋值 (Power and assign) | a **= 3 | a = 8 |
:= | 海象运算符 (Walrus operator, assign inside expression) | if (n := len(data)) > 5: | n = len(data) |
海象运算符:= 的用法是：在表达式内部完成赋值操作。让你在判断（或循环）中一边“计算并赋值”，一边“使用这个值”。
成员与身份运算符 (Membership & Identity Operators)
运算符 | 说明 | 示例 | 输出 |
in | 成员判断 (Value exists in sequence) | 'a' in 'apple' | True |
not in | 非成员 (Value not in sequence) | 'b' not in 'apple' | True |
is | 身份判断 (Same object) | a is b | False |
is not | 非同一对象 (Not same object) | a is not b | True |
代码示例 (Code Example)
a = 5
b = 3
print(a + b) # 加法
print(a > b) # 比较
print(a & b) # 位与
a += 2 # 赋值运算
print(a)
输出 (Output):
8
True
1
7