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Jenkins与Flutter项目持续集成实战指南

news 来源：原创 2025/4/30 0:50:30

一、环境准备

1. 基础环境要求

Jenkins Server：已安装JDK 11+，建议使用Linux服务器（Ubuntu/CentOS）
Flutter SDK：全局安装或通过工具动态管理
构建代理节点：
- Android构建：需Android SDK、Gradle、NDK（可选）
- iOS构建：必须使用Mac节点，安装Xcode、CocoaPods

推荐插件：

Flutter Plugin       # Flutter环境管理
Android Emulator Plugin  # 模拟器测试
Fastlane Plugin      # iOS自动化部署
Blue Ocean          # 流水线可视化

2. Flutter环境配置（以Linux为例）

# 在Jenkins全局工具配置中添加Flutter
sudo mkdir /opt/flutter
sudo git clone https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git /opt/flutter
export PATH="$PATH:/opt/flutter/bin"
flutter doctor

二、Pipeline核心流程设计

1. 典型CI/CD流程

2. Jenkinsfile示例（多平台）

pipeline {
  agent any
  environment {
    FLUTTER_HOME = '/opt/flutter'
    PATH = "$FLUTTER_HOME/bin:$PATH"
  }
  stages {
    stage('Setup') {
      steps {
        sh 'flutter doctor -v'
        sh 'flutter pub get'
      }
    }
    stage('Analyze') {
      steps {
        sh 'flutter analyze'
      }
    }
    stage('Test') {
      parallel {
        stage('Unit Test') {
          steps { sh 'flutter test' }
        }
        stage('Widget Test') {
          steps { sh 'flutter test integration_test/' }
        }
      }
    }
    stage('Build') {
      parallel {
        stage('Android') {
          when { branch 'dev' }
          steps {
            sh '''
              flutter build apk --release \
                --dart-define=API_ENV=prod \
                --target-platform android-arm64
            '''
            archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'build/app/outputs/flutter-apk/*.apk'
          }
        }
        stage('iOS') {
          agent { label 'mac' }  // 指定Mac节点
          when { branch 'release' }
          steps {
            sh '''
              flutter build ipa --export-options-plist=ios/ExportOptions.plist \
                --dart-define=API_ENV=prod
            '''
            stash name: 'ios_build', includes: 'build/ios/ipa/*.ipa'
          }
        }
      }
    }
    stage('Deploy') {
      steps {
        script {
          if (env.BRANCH_NAME == 'release') {
            sh 'fastlane deliver'  // iOS自动上传App Store
          } else {
            sshPublisher(
              transfers: [sshTransfer(
                remoteDirectory: '/var/www/test-env',
                sourceFiles: 'build/app/outputs/**/*.apk'
              )]
            )
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  post {
    always {
      junit '**/test-results/**/*.xml'  // 测试报告
      emailext body: '构建详情：${BUILD_URL}', subject: 'Flutter构建完成'
    }
  }
}

三、关键配置详解

1. 多环境变量管理

// 使用参数化构建
parameters {
  choice(
    name: 'BUILD_ENV',
    choices: ['dev', 'staging', 'prod'],
    description: '选择构建环境'
  )
}

// 动态注入环境变量
environment {
  API_URL = sh(script: 'echo $BUILD_ENV | tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"', returnStdout: true).trim()
}

2. iOS证书自动化（Fastlane集成）

# Fastfile 配置示例
lane :deploy do
  increment_build_number
  match(type: "appstore")
  build_app(
    scheme: "Release",
    export_method: "app-store"
  )
  upload_to_app_store(
    api_key_path: "auth_key.json",
    skip_metadata: true
  )
end

3. Android签名配置

# 在Jenkins凭据管理中添加签名密钥
flutter build apk \
  --release \
  --keystore=${KEYSTORE_PATH} \
  --store-password=${STORE_PASSWORD} \
  --key-alias=${KEY_ALIAS} \
  --key-password=${KEY_PASSWORD}

四、性能优化技巧

1. 依赖缓存加速

stage('Cache') {
  steps {
    cache([
      [$class: 'ArbitraryFileCache', 
       path: '/root/.gradle/caches', 
       includes: '**/*.jar'],
      [$class: 'FlutterPubCache', 
       path: '${WORKSPACE}/.pub-cache']
    ])
  }
}

2. 热重启构建（增量更新）

# 仅当pubspec.yaml变更时触发全量构建
def hasDependencyChanged() {
  return sh(
    script: 'git diff --name-only HEAD~1 HEAD | grep pubspec.yaml',
    returnStatus: true
  ) == 0
}

五、常见问题解决方案

1. iOS构建错误处理

问题现象：
Code Signing Error: No profile found

解决方案：

使用Fastlane Match同步证书
在Jenkins中添加Apple开发者账户凭据

security import dev.p12 -k ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain -P $CERT_PASSWORD

2. Android构建内存溢出

调整Gradle配置：

# gradle.properties
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4096m -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m

3. Flutter版本冲突

多版本管理：

stage('Setup Flutter') {
  steps {
    flutterInstall('3.13.0')  // 使用Flutter插件指定版本
  }
}

六、扩展实践

1. 自动化测试集成

# integration_test/driver.dart
void main() {
  integrationDriver(
    responseDataPath: 'integration_test/responses.json',
    onScreenshot: (name, bytes) async {
      final image = File('screenshots/$name.png');
      await image.create(recursive: true);
      await image.writeAsBytes(bytes);
      return true;
    },
  );
}

2. 代码质量门禁

stage('Quality Gate') {
  steps {
    sh 'flutter pub run dart_code_metrics:metrics analyze lib'
    sh 'flutter pub run dart_code_metrics:metrics check-unused-code lib'
    sonar(
      properties: '''
        sonar.projectKey=flutter_app
        sonar.dart.analysis.reportPath=metrics_report.json
      '''
    )
  }
}

七、完整CI/CD架构示例

GitHub/GitLab
    │
    ˇ Webhook触发
Jenkins Server (Master)
    ├── Linux Agent: Android构建/测试
    └── Mac Agent: iOS构建/签名
        │
        ˇ
     Firebase App Distribution  # 测试分发
        │
        ˇ
     App Store/Play Console  # 生产发布

通过以上实践，您可以将Flutter项目的构建、测试、打包和发布流程全面自动化。建议：