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Unity网络开发--套接字Socket(1)

news 2025/10/9 13:43:19
Socket的重要API
Socket 套接字的作用

它是 C# 提供给我们用于网络通信的一个类 (在其它语言当中也有对应的 Socket 类)

类名: Socket

命名空间: System.Net.Sockets

Socket 套接字是支持 TCP/IP 网络通信的基本操作单位

一个套接字对象包含以下关键信息

  1. 本机的 IP 地址和端口

  2. 对方主机的 IP 地址和端口

  3. 双方通信的协议信息

一个 Socket 对象表示一个本地或者远程套接字信息

它可以被视为一个数据通道

这个通道连接与客户端和服务端之间

数据的发送和接受均通过这个通道进行

一般在制作长连接游戏时，我们会使用 Socket 套接字作为我们的通信方案

我们通过它连接客户端和服务端，通过它来收发消息

你可以把它抽象的想象成一根管子，插在客户端和服务端应用程序上，通过这个管子来传递交换信息

Socket 的类型

Socket 套接字有 3 种不同的类型

  1. 流套接字 主要用于实现 TCP 通信，提供了面向连接、可靠的、有序的、数据无差错且无重复的数据传输服务

  2. 数据报套接字 主要用于实现 UDP 通信，提供了无连接的通信服务，数据包的长度不能大于 32KB，不提供正确性检查，不保证顺序，可能出现重发、丢失等情况

  3. 原始套接字 主要用于实现 IP 数据包通信，用于直接访问协议的较低层，常用于侦听和分析数据包

通过 Socket 的构造函数 我们可以申明不同类型的套接字

参数一：AddressFamily 网络寻址 枚举类型，决定寻址方案

常用：

1.InterNetwork IPv4 寻址

2.InterNetwork6 IPv6 寻址

参数二: SocketType 套接字枚举类型，决定使用的套接字类型

常用:

1.Dgram 支持数据报，最大长度固定的无连接、不可靠的消息 (主要用于 UDP 通信)

2.Stream 支持可靠、双向、基于连接的字节流 (主要用于 TCP 通信)

参数三: ProtocolType 协议类型枚举类型，决定套接字使用的通信协议

常用:

1.TCP TCP 传输控制协议

2.UDP UDP 用户数据报协议

//TCP流套接字
Socket socketTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
//UDP数据报套接字
Socket sockrtUdp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
//Socket的常用属性//套接字连接状态
if (socketTcp.Connected) { }
//获取套接字类型
print(socketTcp.SocketType);
//获取套接字的协议方案
print(socketTcp.ProtocolType);
//获取套接字的寻址方案
print(socketTcp.AddressFamily);//从网络中获取准备读取的数据数据量
print(socketTcp.Available);//获取本机EndPoint对象（注意IPEndPoint继承EndPoint）
//socketTcp.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint//获取远程EndPoint对象
//socketTcp.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint#region 知识点四 Socket 的常用方法
//1. 主要用于服务端
// 1-1: 绑定 IP 和端口
IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);
socketTcp.Bind(ipPoint);
// 1-2: 设置客户端连接的最大数量
socketTcp.Listen(10);
// 1-3: 等待客户端连入
socketTcp.Accept();//2. 主要用于客户端
// 1-1: 连接远程服务端
socketTcp.Connect(IPAddress.Parse("122.12.2.3"),8080);//3. 客户端服务端都会用的
// 1-1: 同步发送和接收数据
//socketTcp.Send();
//socketTcp.SendTo();
//socketTcp.Receive();
// 1-2: 异步发送和接收数据
// 1-3: 释放连接并关闭 Socket，先与 Close 调用
socketTcp.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
// 1-4: 关闭连接，释放所有 Socket 关联资源
socketTcp.Close();
#endregion
TCP通信
同步

服务端

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;namespace Program
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){#region 实现服务端基本逻辑//1.创建套接字Socket(TCP)Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//2.使用Bind方法将套接字与本地地址绑定try{IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);socket.Bind(ipPoint);}catch (Exception ex) {Console.WriteLine("绑定报错:"+ex.Message);return;}//3.用Listen方法监听socket.Listen(1024);Console.WriteLine("服务端绑定监听结束，等待客户端连入");//4.用Accept方法等待客户端连接//5.建立连接，Accept返回新套接字Socket socketClient = socket.Accept();//6.用Send和Receive相关方法收发数据//发送socketClient.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("欢迎连入服务端"));//接受byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int receiveNum = socketClient.Receive(bytes); //receiveNum表示接受的长度Console.WriteLine("接受到{0}发来的消息：{1}",socketClient.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(),Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,receiveNum));//7.用shutdown方法释放连接socketClient.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);//8.关闭套接字socketClient.Close();#endregionConsole.WriteLine("输入任意键退出");Console.ReadKey();}}
}

客户端

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;public class lesson4 : MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){//1.创建套接字SocketSocket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);//2.用Connect方法与服务端相连//确定服务端的IP和端口IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);try{socket.Connect(iPEndPoint);}catch (SocketException e){if (e.ErrorCode == 10061)print("服务器拒绝连接");elseprint("连接服务器失败" + e.ErrorCode);}//3.用Send和Receive相关方法收发数据//接受byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int receiveNum = socket.Receive(bytes);print("收到服务端发来的消息：" + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,receiveNum));//发送socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello,我是01客户端"));//4.用ShutDown方法释放连接socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);//5.关闭套接字socket.Close();
}
}

添加面向对象的思想和线程后

服务端

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApp2
{internal class ClientSocket{private static int CLIENT_BEGIN_ID = 1;public int clientID;public Socket socket;public bool Connected => this.socket.Connected;public ClientSocket(Socket socket){this.clientID = CLIENT_BEGIN_ID;this.socket = socket;CLIENT_BEGIN_ID++;}//关闭public void Close(){if (socket != null){socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);socket.Close();}}//发送public void Send(string info){if (socket != null){try {socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(info));}catch (Exception e) {Console.WriteLine(e.Message);Close();}}}//接受public void Receive(){byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 5];try{if (socket != null && socket.Available > 0){int receiveNum = socket.Receive(bytes);ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(MsgHandle,Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,receiveNum));}} catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);Close();}}private void MsgHandle(Object obj){string str = obj as string;Console.WriteLine("收到客户端{0}的消息：{1}",this.socket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(),str);}}
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApp2
{internal class ServerSocket{public Socket socket;public Dictionary<int, ClientSocket> clientDic = new Dictionary<int, ClientSocket>();public void Start(string ip,int port,int num){socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);socket.Bind(iPEndPoint);socket.Listen(num);ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Accept);ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Receive);}public void Close(){foreach (ClientSocket item in clientDic.Values){item.Close();}socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);socket.Close();}private void Accept(object obj){while (true){try{Socket clientSocket = socket.Accept();ClientSocket client = new ClientSocket(clientSocket);clientDic.Add(client.clientID,client);}catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}}}private void Receive(object obj){while (true){if (clientDic.Count > 0){foreach (ClientSocket client in clientDic.Values){client.Receive();}}}}public void Broadcaet(string str){foreach (ClientSocket client in clientDic.Values){client.Send(str);}}}
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApp2
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket();serverSocket.Start("127.0.0.1", 8080, 1024);Console.WriteLine("服务器开启成功");while (true){string input = Console.ReadLine();if (input == "Quit"){serverSocket.Close();}if (input.Substring(0, 2) == "B:"){serverSocket.Broadcaet(input.Substring(2));}}}}
}

客户端

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SocialPlatforms;public class lesson4_1 : MonoBehaviour
{private static lesson4_1 instance;public static lesson4_1 Instance => instance;private Socket socket;private Queue<string> sendMsgQueue = new Queue<string>();private Queue<string> receiveMsgQueue = new Queue<string>();//private Thread sendThread;// private Thread receiveThread;private byte[] reveiveBytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];private int reveiveNum;private bool isClose = false;private void Awake(){instance = this;}// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if (receiveMsgQueue.Count > 0){print(receiveMsgQueue.Dequeue());}}public void Connect(string ip, int port){socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip),port);try{socket.Connect(iPEndPoint);ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(SendMsg);ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ReceiveMsg);//sendThread = new Thread(SendMsg);//sendThread.Start();//receiveThread = new Thread(ReceiveMsg);//receiveThread.Start();}catch (SocketException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}}public void Send(string info){sendMsgQueue.Enqueue(info);}private void SendMsg(object obj){while (!isClose){if (sendMsgQueue.Count > 0){socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendMsgQueue.Dequeue()));}}}private void ReceiveMsg(object obj){while (!isClose){if (socket.Available > 0){reveiveNum = socket.Receive(reveiveBytes);receiveMsgQueue.Enqueue(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(reveiveBytes, 0 , reveiveNum));}}}public void Close(){if (socket != null){isClose = true;socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);socket.Close();}}private void OnDestroy(){Close();}
}

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class main : MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){if (lesson4_1.Instance == null){GameObject obj = new GameObject("Net");obj.AddComponent<lesson4_1>();    }lesson4_1.Instance.Connect("127.0.0.1",8080);}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){}
}

效果：

区分消息类型

为发送的消息添加标识，比如添加消息ID

在所有发送的消息的头部加上消息id，通过id区分是什么类型

BaseData类可查看通信前必备知识点Unity网络开发--通信前必备知识

BaseMsg消息基类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class BaseMsg : BaseData
{public override int GetBytesNum(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}public override int Reading(byte[] bytes, int beginIndex){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}public override byte[] Writing(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}public virtual int GetID(){return 0;}
}

PlayerData玩家数据类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerData : BaseData
{public string name;public int atk;public int lev;public override int GetBytesNum(){return 4 + 4 + 4 + Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(name).Length;}public override int Reading(byte[] bytes, int beginIndex){int index = beginIndex;name = ReadString(bytes,ref index);atk = ReadInt(bytes,ref index);lev = ReadInt(bytes,ref index);return index - beginIndex;}public override byte[] Writing(){int index = 0;byte[] bytes = new byte[GetBytesNum()];WriteString(bytes, name,ref index);WriteInt(bytes, atk, ref index);WriteInt(bytes, lev, ref index);return bytes;}
}

玩家消息类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PlayerMsg : BaseMsg
{public int playerID;public PlayerData playerData;public override byte[] Writing(){int index = 0;byte[] bytes = new byte[GetBytesNum()];WriteInt(bytes, GetID(), ref index);WriteInt(bytes, playerID, ref index);WriteData(bytes,playerData,ref index);return bytes;}public override int Reading(byte[] bytes, int beginIndex){int index = beginIndex;playerID = ReadInt(bytes, ref index);playerData = ReadData<PlayerData>(bytes, ref index);return index - beginIndex;}public override int GetBytesNum(){return 4 + 4 + playerData.GetBytesNum();}/// <summary>/// 自定义消息id，区分不同类型消息/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public override int GetID(){return 1;}}

客户端解析自定义类

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;public class lesson4 : MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){//1.创建套接字SocketSocket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);//2.用Connect方法与服务端相连//确定服务端的IP和端口IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);try{socket.Connect(iPEndPoint);}catch (SocketException e){if (e.ErrorCode == 10061)print("服务器拒绝连接");elseprint("连接服务器失败" + e.ErrorCode);}//3.用Send和Receive相关方法收发数据//接受byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int receiveNum = socket.Receive(bytes);int msgID = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 0);switch (msgID){case 1:PlayerMsg msg = new PlayerMsg();msg.Reading(bytes,4);print(msg.playerID);print(msg.playerData.name);print(msg.playerData.atk);print(msg.playerData.lev);break;}print("收到服务端发来的消息：" + Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,receiveNum));//发送socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello,我是01客户端"));//4.用ShutDown方法释放连接socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);//5.关闭套接字socket.Close();
}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){}
}

服务端发送自定义类

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;namespace Program
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){#region 实现服务端基本逻辑//1.创建套接字Socket(TCP)Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//2.使用Bind方法将套接字与本地地址绑定try{IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);socket.Bind(ipPoint);}catch (Exception ex) {Console.WriteLine("绑定报错:"+ex.Message);return;}//3.用Listen方法监听socket.Listen(1024);Console.WriteLine("服务端绑定监听结束，等待客户端连入");//4.用Accept方法等待客户端连接//5.建立连接，Accept返回新套接字Socket socketClient = socket.Accept();//6.用Send和Receive相关方法收发数据//发送PlayerMsg msg = new PlayerMsg();msg.playerID = 666;msg.playerData = new PlayerData();msg.playerData.name = "xiaohei";msg.playerData.atk = 1;msg.playerData.lev = 2;socketClient.Send(msg.Writing());//接受byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];int receiveNum = socketClient.Receive(bytes); //receiveNum表示接受的长度Console.WriteLine("接受到{0}发来的消息：{1}",socketClient.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(),Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes,0,receiveNum));//7.用shutdown方法释放连接socketClient.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);//8.关闭套接字socketClient.Close();#endregionConsole.WriteLine("输入任意键退出");Console.ReadKey();}}
}

效果：

http://www.dtcms.com/a/458668.html

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