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零基础1小时快速入门pytest自动化测试教程，全套项目框架实战
前言：
接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化，由于接口不易变更，维护成本更小，所以深受各大公司的喜爱。
接口自动化包含2个部分，功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。
本次文章着重介绍第一种，功能性的接口自动化框架。
一、简单介绍
环境：Mac、Python 3，Pytest，Allure，Request
流程：读取Yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成Allure报告
模块类的设计说明:
Request.py封装request方法，可以支持多协议扩展（get\post\put）
Config.py读取配置文件，包括：不同环境的配置，email相关配置
Log.py封装记录log方法，分为：debug、info、warning、error、critical
Email.py封装smtplib方法，运行结果发送邮件通知
Assert.py封装assert方法
run.py核心代码。定义并执行用例集，生成报告
Yaml测试数据格式如下：
---
Basic:dec: "基础设置"parameters:-url: /settings/basic.jsondata: slug=da1677475c27header: {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36","Content-Type": "keep-alive"}
二、代码结构与框架流程
1、代码结构见下图：
2、框架流程见下图：
三、详细功能和使用说明
1、定义配置文件config.ini
该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项，[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项
# http接口测试框架配置信息[private_debug]
# debug测试服务
tester = your name
environment = debug
versionCode = your version
host = www.jianshu.com
loginHost = /Login
loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[online_release]
# release正式服务
tester = your name
environment = release
versionCode = v1.0
host = www.jianshu.com
loginHost = /Login
loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[mail]
#发送邮件信息
smtpserver = smtp.163.com
sender = test1@163.com
receiver = wang@user.com
username = wang@user.com
password = 123456
2、读取yaml测试数据后封装
yaml测试数据例子见第一节，一条接口可定义多条case数据，get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法，循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。
class Basic:params = get_parameter('Basic')url = []data = []header = []for i in range(0, len(params)):url.append(params[i]['url'])data.append(params[i]['data'])header.append(params[i]['header'])
3、编写用例
class TestBasic:@pytest.allure.feature('Home')@allure.severity('blocker')@allure.story('Basic')def test_basic_01(self, action):"""用例描述：未登陆状态下查看基础设置"""conf = Config()data = Basic()test = Assert.Assertions()request = Request.Request(action)host = conf.host_debugreq_url = 'http://' + hosturls = data.urlparams = data.dataheaders = data.headerapi_url = req_url + urls[0]response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0])assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401)assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'继续操作前请注册或者登录.')assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400)Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('True')
4、运行整个框架run.py
if __name__ == '__main__':# 定义测试集allure_list = '--allure_features=Home,Personal'args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path, allure_list]log.info('执行用例集为：%s' % allure_list)self_args = sys.argv[1:]pytest.main(args)cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path)try:shell.invoke(cmd)except:log.error('执行用例失败，请检查环境配置')raisetry:mail = Email.SendMail()mail.sendMail()except:log.error('发送邮件失败，请检查邮件配置')raise
5、err.log实例
[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录9."}, body is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录."}
[ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745
[ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 200
6、Assert部分代码
def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg):"""验证response body中任意属性的值:param body::param body_msg::param expected_msg::return:"""try:msg = body[body_msg]assert msg == expected_msgreturn Trueexcept:self.log.error("Response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg))Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')raisedef assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg):"""验证response body中是否包含预期字符串:param body::param expected_msg::return:"""try:text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)# print(text)assert expected_msg in textreturn Trueexcept:self.log.error("Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg)Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')raise
7、Request部分代码
def post_request(self, url, data, header):"""Post请求:param url::param data::param header::return:"""if not url.startswith('http://'):url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url)print(url)try:if data is None:response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header)else:response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header)except requests.RequestException as e:print('%s%s' % ('RequestException url: ', url))print(e)return ()except Exception as e:print('%s%s' % ('Exception url: ', url))print(e)return ()# time_consuming为响应时间，单位为毫秒time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000# time_total为响应时间，单位为秒time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds()Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming)response_dicts = dict()response_dicts['code'] = response.status_codetry:response_dicts['body'] = response.json()except Exception as e:print(e)response_dicts['body'] = ''response_dicts['text'] = response.textresponse_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consumingresponse_dicts['time_total'] = time_totalreturn response_dicts
四、Allure报告及Email
1、Allure报告总览，见下图：
2、Email见下图：
五、后续优化
1、集成Jenkins，使用Jenkins插件生成Allure报告
2、多线程并发接口自动化测试
3、接口加密，参数加密