Day 27 - 使用 Tkinter 构建图形界面 (GUI) 与高级函数参数 - Python学习笔记

Udemy - 100 Days of Code: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp

Day 27 - Intermediate - GUI with Tkinter & Advanced Function Arguments

205. Window and Label

Tkinter Documentation
Tk Commands

import tkinter as tk# Create a new window  
window = tk.Tk()  
window.title("My First GUI Program")  
window.minsize(width=500, height=500)  # Label
label = tk.Label(text="Old Text", font=("Arial",24,"bold"))  
label.pack()  # Change label properties 
label["text"] = "New Text"
label.config(text="New Text")window.mainloop()

206. Default Arguments

# Default Arguments 默认参数
def my_function(a=1, b=2, c=3):print(a, b, c)  my_function(b=5)

207. *args: Many Positional Arguments

# *args 可变位置参数
def add(*args):print(args)          # collect positional arguments into a tupleresult = 0 for n in args:result += nprint(result)add(3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 7, 4, 3)

208. **kwargs: Many Keyword Arguments

# **kwargs 可变关键字参数
def calculate(n, **kwargs):  print(kwargs)        # collect keyword arguments into a dictionaryn += kwargs.get("add", 0)  n -= kwargs.get("subtract", 0)  n *= kwargs.get("multiply", 1)  n /= kwargs.get("divide", 1)  print(n)  calculate(2, add=3, multiply=5)# Create a class with **kwargs
class Car:  def __init__(self, **kw):  self.make = kw.get("make")  self.model = kw.get("model")  self.colour = kw.get("colour")  self.seats = kw.get("seats")  my_car = Car(make="Nissan", model="Skyline")  
print(my_car.model)

209. Button and Entry

# Button  
def button_used():  print("I got clicked")   
button = tk.Button(text="Click Me", command=button_used)  
button.pack()# Entry
entry = tk.Entry(width=30)  
entry.focus()                   # Put cursor in entry
entry.insert(tk.END, "Some text to begin with.")  
entry.pack()
print(entry.get())              # Get text in entry

210. Other Tkinter Widgets

# Text
text = tk.Text(height=5, width=30)  
text.focus()                    # Put cursor in textbox
text.insert(tk.END, "Some text to begin with.")
text.pack()  
print(text.get("1.0", tk.END))  # Get text from line 1, char 0 to the end# Spinbox  
def spinbox_used():  print(spinbox.get())  
spinbox = tk.Spinbox(from_=0, to=10, width=5, command=spinbox_used)  
spinbox.pack()  # Scale  
def scale_used(value):  print(value)  
scale = tk.Scale(from_=0, to=100, command=scale_used)  
scale.pack()  # Checkbutton  
def cb_used():  print(cb_state.get())  
cb_state = tk.IntVar()        # Variable to hold the checkbutton state
cb = tk.Checkbutton(text="Is On?", variable=cb_state, command=cb_used)  
cb.pack()  # Radiobutton  
def rb_used():  print(rb_state.get())  
rb_state = tk.IntVar()        # Variable to hold the selected radiobutton value
rb1 = tk.Radiobutton(text="Option1", value=1, variable=rb_state, command=rb_used) 
rb2 = tk.Radiobutton(text="Option2", value=2, variable=rb_state, command=rb_used) 
rb1.pack()  
rb2.pack()# Listbox  
def listbox_used(event):  print(listbox.get(listbox.curselection()))  
listbox = tk.Listbox(height=4)  
fruits = ["Apple", "Pear", "Orange", "Banana"]  
for item in fruits:  listbox.insert(fruits.index(item), item)  
listbox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", listbox_used)  
listbox.pack()

211. Tkinter Layout Managers: pack, grid, place

label.pack(side="left")         # 纵向/横向堆叠  
label.grid(column=0, row=0)     # 表格
label.place(x=0, y=0)           # 绝对坐标  

212. Mile to Kilometers Converter Project

from tkinter import *  def mile_to_km():  miles = float(miles_input.get())  km = round(miles * 1.609, 2)  km_result_label.config(text=f"{km}")  window = Tk()  
window.title("Miles to Km Converter")  
window.config(padx=20, pady=20)  miles_input = Entry(width=7)  
miles_input.focus()  
miles_input.grid(column=1, row=0)  miles_label = Label(text="Miles")  
miles_label.grid(column=2, row=0)  is_equal_label = Label(text="is equal to")  
is_equal_label.grid(column=0, row=1)  km_result_label = Label(text="0")  
km_result_label.grid(column=1, row=1)  km_label = Label(text="Km")  
km_label.grid(column=2, row=1)  calculate_button = Button(text="Calculate", command=mile_to_km)  
calculate_button.grid(column=1, row=2)  window.mainloop()