树莓派安装python第三方库如keras,tensorflow

1. 在安装python 相关包时出现如下错误提示：

cherry@raspberrypi:~ $ pip3 install keras error: externally-managed-environment × This environment is externally managed ╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to install. If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package, create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv. Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make sure you have python3-full installed. For more information visit http://rptl.io/venv ​编辑 Raspberry Pi OS - Raspberry Pi Documentation note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages. hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

2. 原因：

这是 Bookworm 及以后版本 的 Raspberry Pi OS 对系统 Python 的强制保护机制（PEP 668）。
官方只允许用 apt 装系统包，或用 venv 隔离第三方包。

3. 解决方案：

1）创建并激活虚拟环境

python3 -m venv ~/venv
source ~/venv/bin/activate

2）安装你需要的任何包

pip install keras tensorflow

注：如何每次开机自动进入 venv

把 source ~/venv/bin/activate 加进 ~/.bashrc