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GeoJSON 介绍

news 2025/8/11 8:57:07

文章目录

GeoJSON 介绍
- 1. GeoJSON 基本概念
- 2. GeoJSON 格式结构
- 3. 支持的几何类型
- - Point 点
  - LineString 线
  - Polygon 多边形
  - MultiPoint 多点
  - MultiLineString 多线
  - MultiPolygon 多面
  - GeometryCollection 几何集合
- 4. 使用场景
- 5. 库支持

GeoJSON 介绍

GeoJSON 官网：https://geojson.org/
提供 GeoJSON 的规范说明、RFC 7946 标准文档及相关资源79。
GeoJSON 在线编辑器：http://geojson.io/
可在线编辑、预览 GeoJSON 数据。

1. GeoJSON 基本概念

GeoJSON 是一种用于对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式。

GeoJSON 支持以下几何类型：

点 (Point)
线 (LineString)
面 (Polygon)
多点 (MultiPoint)
多线 (MultiLineString)
多面 (MultiPolygon)
几何集合 (GeometryCollection)

具有附加属性的几何对象是 Feature 对象。要素集包含在对象中 FeatureCollection 。

GeoJSON 默认使用 WGS84 坐标系(经度, 纬度)

2. GeoJSON 格式结构

一个基本的 GeoJSON 对象结构如下：

{"type": "FeatureCollection","features": [{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]},"properties": {"name": "Example Point"}}]
}

主要组成部分：

type - 标识 GeoJSON 对象的类型
- 可以是 “FeatureCollection”, “Feature”, 或几何类型之一
features (仅 FeatureCollection 有) - 包含一组 Feature 对象
geometry (仅 Feature 有) - 包含几何对象及其坐标
properties (仅 Feature 有) - 包含与几何相关的属性数据

3. 支持的几何类型

Point 点

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [118.08804372425419, 24.48401512708469]},"properties": {"name": "Example Point"}
}

LineString 线

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "LineString","coordinates": [[118.08804372425419, 24.48401512708469],[121.44534340242714, 24.108833181868842]]},"properties": {"name": "Example LineString"}
}

Polygon 多边形

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "Polygon","coordinates": [[[115.56769883631596, 26.796759291820862],[120.24743143329276, 27.994531040608],[119.96279402305146, 20.845962507158415],[110.42921794452593, 21.9891800116634]]]},"properties": {"name": "Example Polygon"}
}

MultiPoint 多点

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "MultiPoint","coordinates": [[115.56769883631596, 26.796759291820862],[120.24743143329276, 27.994531040608],[119.96279402305146, 20.845962507158415],[110.42921794452593, 21.9891800116634]]},"properties": {"name": "Example MultiPoint"}
}

MultiLineString 多线

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "MultiLineString","coordinates": [[[115.56769883631596, 26.796759291820862],[120.24743143329276, 27.994531040608]],[[119.96279402305146, 20.845962507158415],[110.42921794452593, 21.9891800116634]]]},"properties": {"name": "Example MultiLineString"}
}

MultiPolygon 多面

{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "MultiPolygon","coordinates": [[[[115.56769883631596, 26.796759291820862],[120.24743143329276, 27.994531040608],[119.96279402305146, 20.845962507158415],[110.42921794452593, 21.9891800116634]]],[[[119.96279402305146, 20.845962507158415],[110.42921794452593, 21.9891800116634],[111.1013749119565, 18.845558689105033],[121.21864864334037, 18.696822467873176]]]]},"properties": {"name": "Example MultiPolygon"}
}

GeometryCollection 几何集合

{"type": "FeatureCollection","features": [{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]},"properties": {"name": "Example Point"}},{"type": "Feature","geometry": {"type": "LineString","coordinates": [[118.08804372425419, 24.48401512708469],[121.44534340242714, 24.108833181868842]]},"properties": {"name": "Example LineString"}}]
}