当前位置：首页 > news >正文

Linux 常见指令

news 来源：原创 2025/5/15 4:47:36

linux 常见指令

Alt +Enter 全屏退出全屏

pwd：显示用户所处路径

ls ：显示当前路径下的文件或者目录名称

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls
106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

ls -l =ll ：显示当前路径下的文件或者目录名称更多属性信息

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 18:29 106

cd 你的路径：切换路径，让我们进入不同路径下进行操作

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd 106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106

文件

文件=文件内容+文件属性（空文件也占磁盘空间）

文件之间（普通文件和目录）

cd .. ：(返回上级目录)

[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$

以 .开头的文件，在linux 下我们叫做隐藏文件

ls -al=ll-a ：显示全部文件（包括隐藏文件）的更多信息

ls-a ：显示所有文件包括隐藏文件

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls -a
.   106            .bash_logout   .bashrc  .config  .viminfo
..  .bash_history  .bash_profile  .cache   .file    .youcannotseeme

. ：当前目录 .. ：上级目录（路径）

[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ mkdir lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

mkdir ：创建目录或者路径 touch ：创建文件

ls -l (+路径) ：会把路径下的文件显示出来

ls -ld (+路径) ：不把路径下的文件显示出来，只显示路径

ls -R ：列出所有子目录下的文件

cd 目录名

改变工作目录。将当前工作目录改变到指定的目录下。

cd .. : 返回上级目录

cd /home/litao/linux/ : 绝对路径

cd ../day02/ : 相对路径

cd ~ ：进入用户家目

cd - ：返回最近访问目录

[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd..
-bash: cd..: command not found
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ pwd
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$ pwd
/home
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ pwd
/
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ pwd
/
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$

/为根目录绝对路径:/home/lt/106/lesson2 从根开始

[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd lesson2
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson2
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$

相对路径，不从根开始

tree . ：当前路径所有文件 tree .. ：上级路径所有文件

[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- lesson1
|   `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
    |-- test.1
    |-- test.2
    `-- test.c

2 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree ..
..
`-- 106
    |-- lesson1
    |   `-- 106.txt
    `-- lesson2
        |-- test.1
        |-- test.2
        `-- test.c

3 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree /home/lt
/home/lt
`-- 106
    |-- lesson1
    |   `-- 106.txt
    `-- lesson2
        |-- test.1
        |-- test.2
        `-- test.c

/home/xxxx :叫做xxx用户的工作路径，或者家目录。默认所处路径

如果你是root 用户，默认所处路径是/root

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls /home
lrk  lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

ctrl +d ：表示退出重登

cd ~ ：进入用户家目

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ~//进入当前用户家目录或者工作目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ pwd
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

cd - ：返回最近一次所在的路径

[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ./106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd -
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd -
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$

touch: 是一个linux下创建普通文件的命令

touch 文件名：更新文件时间

[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt   0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt   0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 132 Feb 21 18:36 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ touch test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt   0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt   0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 132 Feb 21 22:06 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$

mkdir ：创建目录

[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mkdir 107/108  //mkdir 要想创建多个目录需要 -p
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘107/108’: No such file or directory
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mkdir -p 107/108   //创建多个目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ll
total 8
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 22:10 107
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt    0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt    0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt  132 Feb 21 22:06 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$

rmdir :用来删除空目录

7 directories, 5 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rmdir mytex // remove   directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘mytex’: Not a directory//不是一个目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rmdir 106
rmdir: failed to remove ‘106’: Directory not empty//不是空目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

rm: 默认删除普通文件（不能删除目录） rm -r 目录 :（就可以删除目录了）

drwxrwxr-x 4 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 19:54 106
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 22 09:36 empty
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ tree .
.
|-- 106
|   |-- lesson1
|   |   `-- 106.txt
|   `-- lesson2
|       |-- 107
|       |   `-- 108
|       |-- test.1
|       |-- test.2
|       `-- test.c
`-- empty
    `-- empty1

7 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rm empty
rm: cannot remove ‘empty’: Is a directory
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rm -r empty// -r 递归删除
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ tree .
.
`-- 106
    |-- lesson1
    |   `-- 106.txt
    `-- lesson2
        |-- 107
        |   `-- 108
        |-- test.1
        |-- test.2
        `-- test.c

5 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$

man : man 1是一个查看命令， man 2 : 系统调用， man 3c: 接口的一个手册。

cp : 拷贝目录和文件

cp 文件目录

cp - r 目录目录

mv :类似剪切功能移动文件和目录

[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- cp_file
|   `-- file.txt
|-- file.txt
|-- lesson1
|   `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
    |-- 107
    |   `-- 108
    |-- test.1
    |-- test.2
    `-- test.c

5 directories, 6 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ mv lesson1 cp_file
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- cp_file
|   |-- file.txt
|   `-- lesson1
|       `-- 106.txt
|-- file.txt
`-- lesson2
    |-- 107
    |   `-- 108
    |-- test.1
    |-- test.2
    `-- test.c

mv: 对文件或者目录进行重命名。

[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ tree .
.
|-- 107
|   `-- 108
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c

2 directories, 3 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mv test.1 test//test 不存在的文件名
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ tree .
.
|-- 107
|   `-- 108
|-- test
|-- test.2
`-- test.c

2 directories, 3 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$

more 文件名 less 文件名 :查看文本

hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
hello 106 [7]
hello 106 [8]
hello 106 [9]
hello 106 [10]
hello 106 [11]
hello 106 [12]
hello 106 [13]
hello 106 [14]
hello 106 [15]
hello 106 [16]
hello 106 [17]
hello 106 [18]
test.txt