告别复杂配置！Spring Boot优雅集成百度OCR的终极方案

1. 准备工作

1.1 注册百度AI开放平台

1. 访问百度AI开放平台

2. 注册账号并登录

3. 进入控制台 → 文字识别 → 创建应用

4. 记录下API Key和Secret Key

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2. 项目配置

2.1 添加依赖 (pom.xml)

<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Web --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- Configuration Properties 处理器 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!-- Apache HttpClient --><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.13</version></dependency><!-- JSON 处理 --><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 配置YAML (application.yml)

baidu:ocr:api-key: "your_api_key"         # 替换为你的API Keysecret-key: "your_secret_key"   # 替换为你的Secret Keyaccess-token-url: "https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token"general-basic-url: "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/general_basic"

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3. 配置参数封装

3.1 创建配置类 (BaiduOcrProperties.java)

@Data
@Builder
@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "baidu.ocr")
public class BaiduOcrProperties {private String apiKey;private String secretKey;private String accessTokenUrl;private String generalBasicUrl;
}

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4. OCR服务实现

4.1 工具类：获取Access Token (AccessTokenUtil.java)

@Component
public class AccessTokenUtil {private final BaiduOcrProperties ocrProperties;@Autowiredpublic AccessTokenUtil(BaiduOcrProperties ocrProperties) {this.ocrProperties = ocrProperties;}public String getAccessToken() throws IOException {String url = String.format("%s?grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=%s&client_secret=%s",ocrProperties.getAccessTokenUrl(),ocrProperties.getApiKey(),ocrProperties.getSecretKey());try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet)) {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();String json = EntityUtils.toString(entity);// 解析JSON获取access_tokenreturn json.split("\"access_token\":\"")[1].split("\"")[0];}}}
}

4.2 OCR服务类 (BaiduOcrService.java)

@Service
public class BaiduOcrService {private final AccessTokenUtil accessTokenUtil;private final BaiduOcrProperties ocrProperties;@Autowiredpublic BaiduOcrService(AccessTokenUtil accessTokenUtil, BaiduOcrProperties ocrProperties) {this.accessTokenUtil = accessTokenUtil;this.ocrProperties = ocrProperties;}public String recognizeText(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {// 1. 获取Access TokenString accessToken = accessTokenUtil.getAccessToken();// 2. 将图片转换为Base64String imageBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(file.getBytes());// 3. 构建请求参数Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();params.put("image", imageBase64);params.put("language_type", "CHN_ENG"); // 中英文混合// 4. 发送OCR请求String url = ocrProperties.getGeneralBasicUrl() + "?access_token=" + accessToken;return postFormData(url, params);}private String postFormData(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws IOException {try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");// 构建表单参数StringBuilder formData = new StringBuilder();for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {if (!formData.isEmpty()) formData.append("&");formData.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue());}httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(formData.toString()));try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost)) {HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();return EntityUtils.toString(entity);}}}
}

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5. 控制器层

5.1 图片识别接口 (OcrController.java)

@RestController
public class OcrController {private final BaiduOcrService ocrService;@Autowiredpublic OcrController(BaiduOcrService ocrService) {this.ocrService = ocrService;}@PostMapping("/ocr")public String recognizeImage(@RequestParam("image") MultipartFile file) {try {return ocrService.recognizeText(file);} catch (Exception e) {return "{\"error\": \"" + e.getMessage() + "\"}";}}
}

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6. 关键点说明

1. 配置封装：
   使用@ConfigurationProperties将YAML中的配置自动绑定到Java对象

2. Access Token获取：
   百度OCR需要先获取临时Access Token（有效期30天）

3. 图片处理：
   将上传的图片转换为Base64编码

4. 错误处理：
   实际生产中需添加更完善的异常处理机制

5. 性能优化：

   • 缓存Access Token（避免每次请求都获取）

   • 使用连接池管理HTTP客户端

   • 限制上传图片大小（在application.yml中配置spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size）

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完整项目结构

src/main/java
├── com/example/demo
│   ├── config
│   │   └── BaiduOcrProperties.java
│   ├── controller
│   │   └── OcrController.java
│   ├── service
│   │   ├── BaiduOcrService.java
│   │   └── AccessTokenUtil.java
│   └── DemoApplication.java
resources
└── application.yml

通过以上步骤，你已完成了一个可扩展的Spring Boot百度OCR集成方案。实际部署时请将YAML中的API密钥替换为你的实际密钥。