Ubuntu安装Jenkins

方法1：使用官方的Jenkins仓库

1. 添加Jenkins仓库

打开终端，运行以下命令来添加Jenkins的官方仓库：

wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > \/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'

2. 更新软件包列表

更新你的软件包列表，以确保你的系统知道有新的Jenkins包可用：

sudo apt-get update

3. 安装Jenkins

现在，你可以安装Jenkins了：

sudo apt-get install jenkins

4. 启动Jenkins服务

安装完成后，启动Jenkins服务：

sudo systemctl start jenkins

5. 设置Jenkins开机启动

确保Jenkins在系统启动时自动启动：

sudo systemctl enable jenkins

6. 查找初始管理员密码

Jenkins首次安装后，会生成一个初始管理员密码。你可以通过以下命令找到这个密码：

sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

7. 访问Jenkins

打开你的浏览器，访问 http://localhost:8080 来开始配置Jenkins。根据提示输入上面找到的初始管理员密码。

方法2：使用Snap包（适用于较新的Ubuntu版本）

如果你的Ubuntu版本支持Snap，你可以使用Snap包来安装Jenkins。这种方法的好处是它会自动处理依赖关系，并且通常会保持软件的最新状态。

1. 安装Snap（如果你的系统还没有Snap）

sudo apt update
sudo apt install snapd

2. 安装Jenkins

sudo snap install jenkins

3. 启动Jenkins服务

sudo systemctl start snap.jenkins.jenkins

4. 设置Jenkins开机启动

sudo systemctl enable snap.jenkins.jenkins

5. 查找初始管理员密码（如果你使用的是Snap安装的方法）

通常，你可以在用户的主目录下的.jenkins文件夹中找到初始管理员密码，例如：~/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword。或者，你也可以查看日志文件：journalctl -u snap.jenkins.jenkins。

6. 访问Jenkins

打开浏览器，访问 http://localhost:8080 来配置Jenkins。根据提示输入初始管理员密码。

启动Jenkins报错

报错信息

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ sudo systemctl start jenkins
Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xeu jenkins.service" for details.ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ systemctl status jenkins.service
× jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2025-07-12 13:57:11 UTC; 1min 17s agoProcess: 109636 ExecStart=/usr/bin/jenkins (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Main PID: 109636 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)CPU: 11msJul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.

解决方案

以上的报错是由于没有安装java导致的

安装java

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
...ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ java -version
openjdk version "17.0.15" 2025-04-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04, mixed mode, sharing)

重启Jenkins

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:/usr/local$ sudo systemctl restart jenkins
ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:/usr/local$