疏锦行Python打卡 DAY 54 Inception网络及其思考

import torch
import torch.nn as nnclass Inception(nn.Module):def __init__(self, in_channels):"""Inception模块初始化，实现多尺度特征并行提取与融合参数:in_channels: 输入特征图的通道数"""super(Inception, self).__init__()# 1x1卷积分支：降维并提取通道间特征关系# 减少后续卷积的计算量，同时保留局部特征信息self.branch1x1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 64, kernel_size=1),  # 降维至64通道nn.ReLU()  # 引入非线性激活)# 3x3卷积分支：通过1x1卷积降维后使用3x3卷积捕捉中等尺度特征# 先降维减少计算量，再进行空间特征提取self.branch3x3 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 96, kernel_size=1),  # 降维至96通道nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(96, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1),  # 3x3卷积，保持空间尺寸不变nn.ReLU())# 5x5卷积分支：通过1x1卷积降维后使用5x5卷积捕捉大尺度特征# 较大的感受野用于提取更全局的结构信息self.branch5x5 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 16, kernel_size=1),  # 大幅降维至16通道nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=5, padding=2),  # 5x5卷积，保持空间尺寸不变nn.ReLU())# 池化分支：通过池化操作保留全局信息并降维# 增强特征的平移不变性self.branch_pool = nn.Sequential(nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),  # 3x3最大池化，保持尺寸nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 32, kernel_size=1),  # 降维至32通道nn.ReLU())def forward(self, x):"""前向传播函数，并行计算四个分支并在通道维度拼接参数:x: 输入特征图，形状为[batch_size, in_channels, height, width]返回:拼接后的特征图，形状为[batch_size, 256, height, width]"""# 注意，这里是并行计算四个分支branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)  # 输出形状: [batch_size, 64, height, width]branch3x3 = self.branch3x3(x)  # 输出形状: [batch_size, 128, height, width]branch5x5 = self.branch5x5(x)  # 输出形状: [batch_size, 32, height, width]branch_pool = self.branch_pool(x)  # 输出形状: [batch_size, 32, height, width]# 在通道维度(dim=1)拼接四个分支的输出# 总通道数: 64 + 128 + 32 + 32 = 256outputs = [branch1x1, branch3x3, branch5x5, branch_pool]return torch.cat(outputs, dim=1)model = Inception(in_channels=64)
input = torch.randn(32, 64, 28, 28)
output = model(input)
print(f"输入形状: {input.shape}")
print(f"输出形状: {output.shape}")  class InceptionNet(nn.Module):def __init__(self, num_classes=10):super(InceptionNet, self).__init__()self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),nn.ReLU(),nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))self.inception1 = Inception(64)self.inception2 = Inception(256)self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))self.fc = nn.Linear(256, num_classes)def forward(self, x):x = self.conv1(x)x = self.inception1(x)x = self.inception2(x)x = self.avgpool(x)x = torch.flatten(x, 1)x = self.fc(x)return x# 创建网络实例
model = InceptionNet()
# 创建一个随机输入张量，模拟图像数据，这里假设输入图像是3通道，尺寸为224x224
input_tensor = torch.randn(1, 3, 224, 224)
# 前向传播
output = model(input_tensor)
print(output.shape)import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader# 数据预处理
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(),  # 转为张量transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))  # 归一化
])# 加载CIFAR-10数据集
trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True,download=True, transform=transform)
trainloader = DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=128, shuffle=True)testset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False,download=True, transform=transform)
testloader = DataLoader(testset, batch_size=128, shuffle=False)# 定义含空洞卷积的CNN模型
class SimpleCNNWithDilation(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(SimpleCNNWithDilation, self).__init__()# 第一层：普通3×3卷积，捕捉基础特征self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3, padding=1)  # 第二层：空洞卷积，dilation=2，感受野扩大（等效5×5普通卷积感受野）self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=3, padding=2, dilation=2)  # 第三层：普通3×3卷积，恢复特征对齐self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)  self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)  # 池化层self.relu = nn.ReLU()# 全连接层，根据CIFAR-10尺寸计算：32×32→池化后16×16→...→最终特征维度需匹配self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64 * 8 * 8, 256)  self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, 10)  def forward(self, x):# 输入: [batch, 3, 32, 32]x = self.conv1(x)  # [batch, 16, 32, 32]x = self.relu(x)x = self.pool(x)   # [batch, 16, 16, 16]x = self.conv2(x)  # [batch, 32, 16, 16]（dilation=2 + padding=2 保持尺寸）x = self.relu(x)x = self.pool(x)   # [batch, 32, 8, 8]x = self.conv3(x)  # [batch, 64, 8, 8]x = self.relu(x)x = x.view(-1, 64 * 8 * 8)  # 展平x = self.fc1(x)x = self.relu(x)x = self.fc2(x)return x# 初始化模型、损失函数、优化器
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model = SimpleCNNWithDilation().to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)# 训练函数
def train(epoch):model.train()running_loss = 0.0for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):inputs, labels = data[0].to(device), data[1].to(device)optimizer.zero_grad()outputs = model(inputs)loss = criterion(outputs, labels)loss.backward()optimizer.step()running_loss += loss.item()if i % 100 == 99:  # 每100个batch打印一次print(f'Epoch: {epoch + 1}, Batch: {i + 1}, Loss: {running_loss / 100:.3f}')running_loss = 0.0# 测试函数
def test():model.eval()correct = 0total = 0with torch.no_grad():for data in testloader:images, labels = data[0].to(device), data[1].to(device)outputs = model(images)_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)total += labels.size(0)correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()print(f'Accuracy on test set: {100 * correct / total:.2f}%')# 训练&测试流程
for epoch in range(5):  # 简单跑5个epoch示例train(epoch)test()

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