python: SQLAlchemy (ORM) Simple example using SQLite

• 领域层（Domain）：定义了 School 实体类和 SchoolRepository 抽象基类，明确了业务实体和数据访问的契约。
• 基础设施层（Infrastructure）：通过 SQLAlchemy 实现了 SchoolRepository 类，负责与 SQLite 数据库进行交互，包括增删改查操作。
• 应用层（Application）：SchoolService 类封装了业务逻辑，调用 SchoolRepository 接口的方法完成具体的业务操作。
• 表现层（Presentation）：
  • SchoolView 类负责创建和管理用户界面，包括搜索框、ttk.Treeview 表格、操作按钮和分页按钮。
  • SchoolController 类处理用户的操作请求，调用 SchoolService 完成相应的业务逻辑，并更新视图。

项目结构：

领域层（Domain）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 20:39
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/entities/school.py
# explain   : 学习

class School:
    """
    领域层（Domain）
    """
    def __init__(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):
        """

        :param school_id:
        :param school_name:
        :param school_tel_no:
        """
        self.school_id = school_id
        self.school_name = school_name
        self.school_tel_no = school_tel_no



# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 20:40
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/repositories/schoolRepositories.py
# explain   : 学习
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List
from ..entities.school import School


class SchoolRepository(ABC):
    """
     领域层（Domain） 接口
    """
    @abstractmethod
    def add(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def update(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def delete(self, school_id: str):
        """

        :param school_id:
        :return:
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:
        """

        :param page:
        :param page_size:
        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:
        """

        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        pass

基础设施层（Infrastructure）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 涂聚文有限公司
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# os        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  Oracle 21c
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:30
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : school.py
# explain   : 学习

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base
from domain.entities.school import School
from ..database.sqlitehelper import SqliteHelper

Base = declarative_base()


class SchoolModel(Base):
    """
    基础设施层（Infrastructure）
    """
    __tablename__ = 'School'
    SchoolId = Column(String, primary_key=True)
    SchoolName = Column(String, nullable=False)
    SchoolTelNo = Column(String, nullable=False)


# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:41
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : school.py
# explain   : 学习

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base
from domain.entities.school import School
from ..database.sqlitehelper import SqliteHelper
from ..model.school import SchoolModel

class SchoolRepository:
    """
    基础设施层（Infrastructure）
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """

        """
        self._session = SqliteHelper()  # Session()


    def add(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """
        session = self._session.getSession()    #  Session()  #
        school_model = SchoolModel(SchoolId=school.school_id, SchoolName=school.school_name,
                                   SchoolTelNo=school.school_tel_no)
        session.add(school_model)
        session.commit()
        session.close()

    def update(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """

        session =  self._session.getSession()    # Session() #
        school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school.school_id).first()
        if school_model:
            school_model.SchoolName = school.school_name
            school_model.SchoolTelNo = school.school_tel_no
            session.commit()
        session.close()

    def delete(self, school_id: str):
        """

        :param school_id:
        :return:
        """
        session =  self._session.getSession()    # Session()  #
        school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school_id).first()
        if school_model:
            session.delete(school_model)
            session.commit()
        session.close()

    def get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = ""):
        """

        :param page:
        :param page_size:
        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        session = self._session.getSession()  #  Session()  #
        query = session.query(SchoolModel)
        if search_query:
            query = query.filter(
                (SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |
                (SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |
                (SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query))
            )
        offset = (page - 1) * page_size
        school_models = query.offset(offset).limit(page_size).all()
        session.close()
        return [School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in school_models]

    def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = ""):
        """

        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        session = self._session.getSession()    # Session()  #
        query = session.query(SchoolModel)
        if search_query:
            query = query.filter(
                (SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |
                (SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |
                (SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query))
            )
        count = query.count()
        session.close()
        return count

应用层（Application）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:10
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : application/services/schoolServices.py
# explain   : 学习

from typing import List
from domain.entities.school import School
from domain.repositories.schoolRepositories import SchoolRepository


class SchoolService:
    """
    应用层（Application）
    """
    def __init__(self, repository: SchoolRepository):
        """

        :param repository:
        """
        self.repository = repository

    def add_school(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """
        self.repository.add(school)

    def update_school(self, school: School):
        """

        :param school:
        :return:
        """
        self.repository.update(school)

    def delete_school(self, school_id: str):
        """

        :param school_id:
        :return:
        """
        self.repository.delete(school_id)

    def get_schools(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:
        """

        :param page:
        :param page_size:
        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        return self.repository.get_all(page, page_size, search_query)

    def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:
        """

        :param search_query:
        :return:
        """
        return self.repository.get_total_count(search_query)

表现层（Presentation）：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 18:46
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/views/schoolViews.py
# explain   : 学习

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk


class SchoolView:
    """
    表现层（Presentation） UI
    """
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.root.title("School Management")

        # 搜索框
        self.search_frame = ttk.Frame(root)
        self.search_frame.pack(pady=10)
        self.search_entry = ttk.Entry(self.search_frame)
        self.search_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        self.search_button = ttk.Button(self.search_frame, text="Search")
        self.search_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

        # Treeview
        self.tree = ttk.Treeview(root, columns=('SchoolId', 'SchoolName', 'SchoolTelNo'), show='headings')
        self.tree.heading('SchoolId', text='School ID')
        self.tree.heading('SchoolName', text='School Name')
        self.tree.heading('SchoolTelNo', text='School Tel No')
        self.tree.pack(pady=10)

        # 操作按钮
        self.button_frame = ttk.Frame(root)
        self.button_frame.pack(pady=10)
        self.add_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Add")
        self.add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        self.edit_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Edit")
        self.edit_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        self.delete_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Delete")
        self.delete_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

        # 分页按钮
        self.pagination_frame = ttk.Frame(root)
        self.pagination_frame.pack(pady=10)
        self.prev_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Previous")
        self.prev_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        self.page_label = ttk.Label(self.pagination_frame, text="Page 1 of 1")
        self.page_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
        self.next_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Next")
        self.next_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)

    def clear_tree(self):
        for item in self.tree.get_children():
            self.tree.delete(item)

    def populate_tree(self, schools):
        for school in schools:
            self.tree.insert('', 'end', values=(school.school_id, school.school_name, school.school_tel_no))

    def update_page_label(self, current_page, total_pages):
        self.page_label.config(text=f"Page {current_page} of {total_pages}")

    def open_add_window(self, save_callback):
        top = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
        top.title("Add School")

        ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        def save_school():
            school_id = id_entry.get()
            school_name = name_entry.get()
            school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()
            if school_id and school_name and school_tel_no:
                save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)
                top.destroy()

        ttk.Button(top, text="Save", command=save_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)

    def open_edit_window(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback):
        top = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
        top.title("Edit School")

        ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        id_entry.insert(0, school_id)
        id_entry.config(state='readonly')
        id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        name_entry.insert(0, school_name)
        name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
        tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)
        tel_entry.insert(0, school_tel_no)
        tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)

        def update_school():
            new_school_name = name_entry.get()
            new_school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()
            if new_school_name and new_school_tel_no:
                update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)
                top.destroy()

        ttk.Button(top, text="Update", command=update_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)






# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述： controllers  views 可以分开
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:48
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/controllers/schoolControllers.py
# explain   : 学习

import tkinter as tk
from application.services.schoolServices import SchoolService
from domain.entities.school import School


class SchoolController:
    """
    表现层（Presentation）
    """
    def __init__(self, service: SchoolService, view):
        """

        :param service:
        :param view:
        """
        self.service = service
        self.view = view
        self.current_page = 1
        self.page_size = 10
        self.search_query = ""
        self.total_pages = 1

        self.view.search_button.config(command=self.search)
        self.view.add_button.config(command=self.add)
        self.view.edit_button.config(command=self.edit)
        self.view.delete_button.config(command=self.delete)
        self.view.prev_button.config(command=self.prev_page)
        self.view.next_button.config(command=self.next_page)

        self.load_data()

    def load_data(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        schools = self.service.get_schools(self.current_page, self.page_size, self.search_query)
        total_count = self.service.get_total_count(self.search_query)
        self.total_pages = (total_count + self.page_size - 1) // self.page_size

        self.view.clear_tree()
        self.view.populate_tree(schools)
        self.view.update_page_label(self.current_page, self.total_pages)

        self.view.prev_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page > 1 else tk.DISABLED)
        self.view.next_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page < self.total_pages else tk.DISABLED)

    def search(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        self.search_query = self.view.search_entry.get()
        self.current_page = 1
        self.load_data()

    def add(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        def save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):
            new_school = School(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)
            self.service.add_school(new_school)
            self.load_data()

        self.view.open_add_window(save_callback)

    def edit(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()
        if selected_item:
            values = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')
            school_id, school_name, school_tel_no = values

            def update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no):
                updated_school = School(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)
                self.service.update_school(updated_school)
                self.load_data()

            self.view.open_edit_window(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback)

    def delete(self):
        """

        :return:
        """
        selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()
        if selected_item:
            school_id = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')[0]
            self.service.delete_school(school_id)
            self.load_data()

    def prev_page(self):
        """
        下一页
        :return:
        """
        if self.current_page > 1:
            self.current_page -= 1
            self.load_data()

    def next_page(self):
        """
        上一页
        :return:
        """
        if self.current_page < self.total_pages:
            self.current_page += 1
            self.load_data()

调用：

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 涂聚文有限公司
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：  Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# os        : windows 10
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, poostgreSQL 17.0  Oracle 21c
# Datetime  : 2025/2/19 21:02
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pySQLiteDDDOrmDemo
# File      : main.py
# explain   : 学习
import tkinter as tk

from Infrastructure.repository.school import SchoolRepository
from application.services.schoolServices import SchoolService
from presentation.views.schoolViews import SchoolView
from presentation.controllers.schoolControllers import SchoolController

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """
    """
    root = tk.Tk()
    repository = SchoolRepository()
    service = SchoolService(repository)
    view = SchoolView(root)
    controller = SchoolController(service, view)
    root.iconbitmap("favicon.ico")
    root.mainloop()
    print('PyCharm,geovindu,Geovin Du,塗聚文，涂聚文')

输出：