量子机器学习前沿：量子神经网络与混合量子-经典算法

1. 量子计算基础

1.1 量子比特与量子门

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, Aer, execute
from qiskit.visualization import plot_histogram# 单量子比特操作演示
def single_qubit_demo():qc = QuantumCircuit(1)qc.h(0)  # Hadamard门创建叠加态qc.rz(np.pi/4, 0)  # 相位旋转qc.s(0)  # S门(π/2相位)backend = Aer.get_backend('statevector_simulator')result = execute(qc, backend).result()statevector = result.get_statevector()print("State vector:", statevector)# 测量演示qc.measure_all()backend = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')result = execute(qc, backend, shots=1000).result()counts = result.get_counts()plot_histogram