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openGauss数据库备份与恢复实践

news 2025/8/14 0:54:38

准备

数据库版本：

openGauss-All-6.0.1-openEuler22.03-x86_64

数据库：

testdb1

参数设置：

gs_guc set -I all -N all -c "enable_cbm_tracking=on"

gs_guc set -I all -N all -c "synchronous_commit=off"

gs_guc set -N all -I all -c "archive_mode=on"

gs_guc set -N all -I all -c "archive_dest='/opt/software/openGauss/install/archive'"

gs_guc set -N all -I all -c "wal_sender_timeout =10s"

表：

表初始数据：

开始备份

初始化备份目录：

执行：

#gs_probackup init -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1

添加一个新的备份实例：

执行：

#gs_probackup add-instance -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1

进行全量备份：

执行：

#gs_probackup backup -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1 -b full

[omm@hostName1 data]$ gs_probackup backup -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1 -b full
INFO: Backup start, gs_probackup version: 2.4.2, instance: bak20250605_1, backup ID: SXDEOH, backup mode: FULL, wal mode: STREAM, remote: false, compress-algorithm: none,compress-level: 1
LOG: Backup destination is initialized
LOG: This openGauss instance was initialized with data block checksums. Data block corruption will be detected
LOG: Database backup start
LOG: started streaming WAL at 0/8000000 (timeline 1)
[2025-06-05 14:43:30]: check identify system success
[2025-06-05 14:43:30]: send START_REPLICATION 0/8000000 success
[2025-06-05 14:43:30]: keepalive message is received
INFO: PGDATA size: 639MB
[2025-06-05 14:43:30]: keepalive message is received
INFO: Start backing up files
LOG: Creating page header map "/opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1/backups/bak20250605_1/SXDEOH/page_header_map"
[2025-06-05 14:43:35]: keepalive message is received
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3210/3210, done_files/total_files). backup file
[2025-06-05 14:43:40]: keepalive message is received
[2025-06-05 14:43:45]: keepalive message is received
INFO: Finish backuping file
INFO: Data files are transferred, time elapsed: 15s
INFO: wait for pg_stop_backup()
INFO: pg_stop backup() successfully executed
LOG: stop_lsn: 0/80001E8
LOG: Looking for LSN 0/80001E8 in segment: 000000010000000000000008
LOG: Found WAL segment: /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1/backups/bak20250605_1/SXDEOH/database/pg_xlog/000000010000000000000008
LOG: Thread [0]: Opening WAL segment "/opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1/backups/bak20250605_1/SXDEOH/database/pg_xlog/000000010000000000000008"
LOG: Found LSN: 0/80001E8
LOG: finished streaming WAL at 0/9000000 (timeline 1)
LOG: Getting the Recovery Time from WAL
LOG: Thread [0]: Opening WAL segment "/opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1/backups/bak20250605_1/SXDEOH/database/pg_xlog/000000010000000000000008"
INFO: Syncing backup files to disk
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3210/3210, done_files/total_files). Sync backup file
INFO: Finish Syncing backup files.
INFO: Backup files are synced, time elapsed: 0
INFO: Validating backup SXDEOH
INFO: Begin validate file
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3212/3212, done_files/total_files). validate file
INFO: Finish validate file.
INFO: Backup SXDEOH data files are valid
INFO: Backup SXDEOH resident size: 655MB
INFO: Backup SXDEOH completed
[omm@hostName1 data]$

备份成功后返回备份ID：SXDEOH

查看备份信息：

执行：

#gs_probackup show -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1

检查备份：

执行：

#gs_probackup validate -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1 -i SXDEOH

查看备份目录：

备份目录中已经有备份的文件信息了

模拟业务删除数据

delete表：t_1的数据

truncate表： t_2

drop表：t_3

切换wal日志：

执行：

#select pg_xlogfile_name(pg_switch_xlog());

#checkpoint;

记录日志号：

#select pg_switch_xlog();

日志号（LSN）为：0/A000288

记录事务ID：

执行：

#select * from pg_get_variable_info();

其中：latest_completed_xid字段值为事务ID：92739

模拟故障

停止数据库：

执行:

#gs_ctl stop

删除数据目录：

为保险起见，使用mv命令：

进入数据库安装目录：

#cd /opt/software/openGauss/install

#mv data data_bak20250605_1

启动数据库：

执行：

#gs_ctl start

发现启动失败

开始恢复

全量恢复

执行：

#gs_probackup restore -B /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1 -i SXDEOH

[omm@hostName1 install]$ gs_probackup restore -B  /opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1 --instance bak20250605_1 -i SXDEOH
LOG: Restore begin.
LOG: there is no file tablespace_map
LOG: check tablespace directories of backup SXDEOH
LOG: check external directories of backup SXDEOH
INFO: Validating backup SXDEOH
INFO: Begin validate file
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3212/3212, done_files/total_files). validate file
INFO: Finish validate file.
INFO: Backup SXDEOH data files are valid
LOG: Thread [1]: Opening WAL segment "/opt/software/openGauss/install/backup/bak1/backups/bak20250605_1/SXDEOH/database/pg_xlog/000000010000000000000008"
INFO: Backup SXDEOH WAL segments are valid
INFO: Backup SXDEOH is valid.
INFO: Restoring the database from backup at 2025-06-05 14:43:29+08
LOG: there is no file tablespace_map
LOG: Restore directories and symlinks... in /opt/software/openGauss/install/data/dn1
INFO: Start restoring backup files. DATA size: 655MB
INFO: Begin restore file
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3212/3212, done_files/total_files). Restore file
INFO: Finish restore file
INFO: Backup files are restored. Transfered bytes: 655MB, time elapsed: 3s
INFO: Restore incremental ratio (less is better): 100% (655MB/655MB)
INFO: Start Syncing restored files to disk
Progress: [==================================================] 100% (3212/3212, done_files/total_files). Sync restore file
INFO: Finish Syncing restored files.
INFO: Restored backup files are synced, time elapsed: 6s
INFO: Restore of backup SXDEOH completed.
[omm@hostName1 install]$