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鸿蒙OS基于UniApp的WebRTC视频会议系统实践：从0到1的HarmonyOS适配之路#三方框架 #Uniapp

news 来源：原创 2025/6/3 20:59:20

基于UniApp的WebRTC视频会议系统实践：从0到1的HarmonyOS适配之路

引言

在移动互联网时代，实时音视频通讯已成为各类应用的标配功能。本文将结合我在某大型企业协同办公项目中的实战经验，详细讲解如何使用UniApp框架开发一个支持鸿蒙系统的WebRTC视频会议系统。通过这个项目，我们不仅要实现跨平台的音视频通讯，更要探索如何充分利用HarmonyOS的原生能力，打造流畅的用户体验。

技术架构设计

1. 整体架构

在设计视频会议系统时，我们采用了以下技术栈：

前端框架：UniApp + Vue3 + TypeScript
信令服务器：Node.js + Socket.io
流媒体服务器：Mediasoup
网络穿透：TURN/STUN服务器
鸿蒙适配层：HMS Core Media Engine

2. 系统模块划分

project/
├── src/
│   ├── components/
│   │   ├── VideoPlayer.vue      # 视频播放组件
│   │   ├── AudioController.vue  # 音频控制组件
│   │   └── RoomControls.vue     # 会议室控制组件
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── webrtc/
│   │   │   ├── connection.ts    # WebRTC连接管理
│   │   │   └── stream.ts        # 媒体流处理
│   │   └── signaling/
│   │       └── socket.ts        # 信令服务
│   └── platform/
│       └── harmony/
│           └── media-engine.ts  # 鸿蒙媒体引擎适配
└── server/├── signaling/              # 信令服务器└── turn/                   # TURN服务器配置

核心功能实现

1. WebRTC连接管理

首先，让我们实现WebRTC连接管理类：

// services/webrtc/connection.ts
export class RTCConnectionManager {private peerConnections: Map<string, RTCPeerConnection> = new Map();private localStream: MediaStream | null = null;constructor(private signaling: SignalingService) {this.initSignalingHandlers();}async initLocalStream() {try {// 针对鸿蒙系统的特殊处理if (uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony') {this.localStream = await this.initHarmonyStream();} else {this.localStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({video: true,audio: true});}this.emit('localStreamReady', this.localStream);} catch (error) {console.error('获取本地媒体流失败:', error);throw error;}}private async initHarmonyStream() {const mediaEngine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');const stream = await mediaEngine.createLocalStream({video: {width: 1280,height: 720,frameRate: 30},audio: {channelCount: 2,sampleRate: 48000}});return stream;}async createPeerConnection(remoteUserId: string) {const config = {iceServers: [{urls: 'turn:your-turn-server.com',username: 'username',credential: 'password'}]};const pc = new RTCPeerConnection(config);// 添加本地流this.localStream?.getTracks().forEach(track => {pc.addTrack(track, this.localStream!);});// 监听远程流pc.ontrack = (event) => {this.handleRemoteStream(remoteUserId, event.streams[0]);};// ICE候选处理pc.onicecandidate = (event) => {if (event.candidate) {this.signaling.sendIceCandidate(remoteUserId, event.candidate);}};this.peerConnections.set(remoteUserId, pc);return pc;}
}

2. 视频播放组件

<!-- components/VideoPlayer.vue -->
<template><view class="video-container" :class="{ 'harmony-container': isHarmony }"><videov-if="!isHarmony"ref="videoElement":src="streamUrl"autoplay:class="{ 'remote-video': isRemote }"@error="handleVideoError"/><harmony-video-viewv-elseref="harmonyVideo":stream-id="streamId"@ready="handleHarmonyVideoReady"/><view class="video-controls"><button @tap="toggleMute">{{ isMuted ? '取消静音' : '静音' }}</button><button @tap="switchCamera">切换摄像头</button></view></view>
</template><script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted } from 'vue';export default defineComponent({name: 'VideoPlayer',props: {stream: {type: Object,required: true},isRemote: {type: Boolean,default: false}},setup(props) {const isHarmony = uni.getSystemInfoSync().platform === 'harmony';const videoElement = ref<HTMLVideoElement | null>(null);const isMuted = ref(false);onMounted(async () => {if (isHarmony) {await initHarmonyVideo();} else {initWebVideo();}});const initHarmonyVideo = async () => {const mediaEngine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');await mediaEngine.initVideoView({streamId: props.stream.id,container: '.harmony-container'});};const initWebVideo = () => {if (videoElement.value && props.stream) {videoElement.value.srcObject = props.stream;}};return {isHarmony,videoElement,isMuted};}
});
</script><style lang="scss">
.video-container {position: relative;width: 100%;aspect-ratio: 16/9;background: #000;.remote-video {transform: scaleX(-1); // 镜像显示远程视频}.video-controls {position: absolute;bottom: 20rpx;left: 0;right: 0;display: flex;justify-content: center;gap: 20rpx;}
}
</style>

3. 会议室实现

// pages/conference/room.vue
<template><view class="conference-room"><view class="video-grid"><video-playerv-for="stream in remoteStreams":key="stream.id":stream="stream":is-remote="true"/><video-playerv-if="localStream":stream="localStream":is-remote="false"/></view><room-controls@leave-room="handleLeaveRoom"@toggle-audio="toggleAudio"@toggle-video="toggleVideo"/></view>
</template><script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent, ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from 'vue';
import { RTCConnectionManager } from '@/services/webrtc/connection';
import { useRoomStore } from '@/stores/room';export default defineComponent({name: 'ConferenceRoom',setup() {const roomStore = useRoomStore();const rtcManager = new RTCConnectionManager(roomStore.signaling);const localStream = ref<MediaStream | null>(null);const remoteStreams = ref<Map<string, MediaStream>>(new Map());onMounted(async () => {await initializeConference();});const initializeConference = async () => {try {// 初始化本地流await rtcManager.initLocalStream();localStream.value = rtcManager.getLocalStream();// 加入房间await roomStore.joinRoom({roomId: route.params.roomId,userId: userStore.userId});// 处理新用户加入roomStore.onUserJoined(async (userId) => {const pc = await rtcManager.createPeerConnection(userId);// 创建并发送offerconst offer = await pc.createOffer();await pc.setLocalDescription(offer);await roomStore.sendOffer(userId, offer);});} catch (error) {console.error('初始化会议失败:', error);uni.showToast({title: '加入会议失败，请检查设备权限',icon: 'none'});}};return {localStream,remoteStreams};}
});
</script>

鸿蒙系统适配要点

在将视频会议系统适配到鸿蒙系统时，我们需要特别注意以下几点：

媒体引擎初始化

// platform/harmony/media-engine.ts
export class HarmonyMediaEngine {private engine: any;async initialize() {this.engine = uni.requireNativePlugin('mediaEngine');// 初始化HMS媒体引擎await this.engine.initialize({appId: 'your-hms-app-id',apiKey: 'your-hms-api-key'});// 配置音视频参数await this.engine.setVideoEncoderConfiguration({width: 1280,height: 720,frameRate: 30,bitrate: 1500});}async startLocalPreview() {await this.engine.startPreview({sourceType: 'camera',cameraId: 'front'});}
}