快速掌握 GO 之 RabbitMQ 结合 gin+gorm 案例

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gin+gorm框架例子

post-platform/
├── main.go           # Gin 服务（生产者）
├── rabbitmq.go       # RabbitMQ 操作
├── models/
│   └── post.go       # 帖子模型
├── db/
│   └── db.go         # 数据库连接和操作
├── consumer/
│   └── main.go       # 消费者（存储到 MySQL）
├── go.mod
└── go.sum

服务端生产者

• 定义 post.go

package modelstype Post struct {Title   string `json:"title"`Content string `json:"content"`
}

gin 框架："go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

• main.go:

package mainimport ("encoding/json""log""net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin""github.com/streadway/amqp"
)func failOnError(err error, msg string) {if err != nil {log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)}
}func main() {// 连接 RabbitMQconn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")defer conn.Close()ch, err := conn.Channel()failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")defer ch.Close()q, err := ch.QueueDeclare("post_queue", false, false, false, false, nil)failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")// 初始化 Ginr := gin.Default()// 提交帖子接口r.POST("/posts", func(c *gin.Context) {var post struct {Title   string `json:"title" binding:"required"`Content string `json:"content" binding:"required"`}if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&post); err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})return}// 序列化帖子为 JSONpostData, err := json.Marshal(post)if err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to serialize post"})return}// 发送到 RabbitMQerr = ch.Publish("",     // 交换机q.Name, // 队列名称false,  // 强制false,  // 立即amqp.Publishing{ContentType: "application/json",Body:        postData,})if err != nil {c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to publish to RabbitMQ"})return}c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Post submitted successfully"})})r.Run(":8081")
}

数据库存储

gorm 框架，需要 go get：

    "gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm"

• db.go

package dbimport ("log""test/model""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm"
)func InitDB() *gorm.DB {dsn := "root:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"//根据情况填写password 和 dbname（具体的数据库和密码），这里用的本地 sqldb, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to connect to database: %v", err)}// 自动迁移，创建 posts 表err = db.AutoMigrate(&model.Post{})if err != nil {log.Fatalf("Failed to migrate database: %v", err)}return db
}

客户端消费者

• consumer.go

package mainimport ("encoding/json""log""test/db""github.com/streadway/amqp"
)func failOnError(err error, msg string) {if err != nil {log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)}
}type Post struct {Title   string `json:"title"`Content string `json:"content"`
}func main() {conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")defer conn.Close()ch, err := conn.Channel()failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")defer ch.Close()q, err := ch.QueueDeclare("post_queue", false, false, false, false, nil)failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")// 初始化数据库db := db.InitDB()//消费消息msgs, err := ch.Consume(q.Name, "", true, false, false, false, nil)failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")forever := make(chan bool)go func() {for d := range msgs {var posts Postif err := json.Unmarshal(d.Body, &posts); err != nil {log.Printf("Failed to unmarshal post: %v", err)continue}// 存储到数据库if err := db.Create(&posts).Error; err != nil {log.Printf("Failed to save post to database: %v", err)continue}log.Printf("Received post: Title=%s, Content=%s", posts.Title, posts.Content)// TODO: 存储到数据库（如 MySQL）}}()log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for posts. To exit press CTRL+C")<-forever // 等待程序退出,防止主线程退出，主动阻塞
}

gorm 中的 Create 是只要结构体的名字一样就会找对应的表，所以结构体命名为 Post/Posts都可以，虽然和 model 中的不一样，但是如果名字不一样，Create 函数就“找不到”

访问测试

分别终端运行程序后：
地址：http://localhost:8081/posts
发送内容：

{"title": "My First Post","content": "Hello, world!"
}

可以发现能正确送达，同时能存储到数据库中