高效构建与配置高可用负载均衡集群：从理论到实践的全面实施

1. 主机配置

主机	IP	VIP	角色
本机			客户端
OpenEuler-1	172.25.254.10	172.25.254.100	虚拟服务器 (VS)
OpenEuler-2	172.25.254.12	172.25.254.100	真实服务器 (RS1)
OpenEuler-3	172.25.254.13	172.25.254.100	真实服务器 (RS2)

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2. 真实服务器 (RS) 配置与优化

# 安装与配置 Nginx
[root@OpenEuler-2-3 ~]# yum install nginx -y

[root@OpenEuler-2-3 ~]# echo "My ip is `hostname -I`" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

# 启动
[root@OpenEuler-2-3 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx

# 测试
[root@OpenEuler-2 ~]# curl `hostname -I`
My ip is 172.25.254.12/My ip is 172.25.254.13

2.1 设置虚拟 IP (VIP)

[root@OpenEuler-1-3 ~]# nmcli con add type dummy ifname dummy1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 172.25.254.100/32

2.2 关闭 ARP 响应

[root@OpenEuler-2-3 ~]# vim + /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加以下内容
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.dummy1.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.dummy1.arp_announce = 2

# 使其生效
sysctl -p

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3. 虚拟服务器 (VS) 配置与负载均衡实现

3.1 安装 IPVS 管理工具

[root@OpenEuler-1 ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y

3.2 添加负载均衡规则

[root@OpenEuler-1 ~]# ipvsadm -At 172.25.254.100:80 -s rr
[root@OpenEuler-1 ~]# ipvsadm -at 172.25.254.100:80 -r 172.25.254.12:80 -g
[root@OpenEuler-1 ~]# ipvsadm -at 172.25.254.100:80 -r 172.25.254.13:80 -g

# 检查规则
[root@OpenEuler-1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
TCP  172.25.254.100:80 rr
  -> 172.25.254.12:80             Route   1      0          0
  -> 172.25.254.13:80             Route   1      0          0
  
# 客户端测试
[Moon] ⮞ for ((i=1;i<=6;i++)); do curl 172.25.254.100; done
My ip is 172.25.254.13
My ip is 172.25.254.12
My ip is 172.25.254.13
My ip is 172.25.254.12
My ip is 172.25.254.13
My ip is 172.25.254.12

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4. 效果演示

通过上述配置，成功构建了一个高可用的负载均衡集群
客户端请求通过虚拟 IP (VIP) 均匀分发到两个真实服务器 (RS1 和 RS2)，实现了负载均衡和高可用性
测试结果表明，请求按轮询策略均匀分配，系统响应稳定，性能优异