Java 对接 Office 365 邮箱全攻略:OAuth2 认证 + JDK8 兼容 + Spring Boot 集成(2025 版)
🚨 重要通知:微软强制 OAuth2,传统认证已失效!
2023 年 10 月起,Office 365 全面禁用用户名 + 密码认证,Java 开发者必须通过OAuth 2.0实现邮件发送。本文针对 CSDN 技术栈,提供从 Azure AD 配置到生产级代码的全流程方案,附 JDK 8 兼容实现和 Spring Boot 集成示例。
一、Office 365 对接核心流程(图示)
二、Azure AD 应用注册(分步教程)
-
创建应用
- 登录Azure 门户 → Azure AD → 应用注册 → 新建注册
- 记录:
Client ID
、Client Secret
、Tenant ID
(租户域名或 ID)
-
配置权限
- 在API 权限中添加
Microsoft Graph
的Mail.Send
权限(选择应用权限) - 点击授予管理员同意(需管理员账号操作)
- 在API 权限中添加
-
获取令牌端点
plaintext
令牌URL:https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenantId}/oauth2/v2.0/token
三、Java 原生 API 实现(JDK 8 兼容)
1. 核心依赖(Maven)
xml
<dependency><groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId><artifactId>mail</artifactId><version>1.6.2</version> <!-- JDK8唯一兼容版本 -->
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.13</version> <!-- HTTP请求工具 -->
</dependency>
2. 完整代码示例
java
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;public class Office365MailClient {private static final String TOKEN_URL = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/%s/oauth2/v2.0/token";private static final String SCOPE = "https://outlook.office365.com/.default";private final String tenantId, clientId, clientSecret, senderEmail;private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> tokenCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();public Office365MailClient(String tenantId, String clientId, String clientSecret, String senderEmail) {this.tenantId = tenantId;this.clientId = clientId;this.clientSecret = clientSecret;this.senderEmail = senderEmail;}public void sendHtmlEmail(String to, String subject, String htmlContent) throws Exception {String accessToken = getAccessToken();Properties props = getSmtpProperties(accessToken);Session session = Session.getInstance(props);MimeMessage msg = createMimeMessage(session, to, subject, htmlContent);try (Transport transport = session.getTransport("smtp")) {transport.connect(); // 自动触发XOAUTH2认证transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());System.out.println("发送成功,响应码:" + ((SMTPTransport) transport).getLastServerResponse());}}private Properties getSmtpProperties(String accessToken) {Properties props = new Properties();props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.office365.com");props.put("mail.smtp.port", "587");props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");props.put("mail.smtp.auth.mechanisms", "XOAUTH2");// 注入OAuth2认证器props.put("mail.smtp.user", senderEmail);props.put("mail.smtp.password", accessToken);return props;}private MimeMessage createMimeMessage(Session session, String to, String subject, String htmlContent) throws MessagingException {MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(senderEmail));msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to));msg.setSubject(subject, "UTF-8");msg.setContent(htmlContent, "text/html; charset=utf-8");return msg;}// 令牌获取与缓存(简化实现)private String getAccessToken() throws Exception {// 实际需实现HTTP请求获取令牌,参考后文Spring Boot方案return "your_oauth2_token";}
}
四、Spring Boot 集成方案(生产级)
1. 依赖配置
xml
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId><artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId><artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId><version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>
2. 配置文件(application.properties)
properties
spring.mail.host=smtp.office365.com
spring.mail.port=587
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth.mechanisms=XOAUTH2office365.tenant-id=your_tenant_id
office365.client-id=your_client_id
office365.client-secret=your_client_secret
office365.sender-email=your_sender@example.com
3. 服务类实现
java
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;@Service
public class Office365MailService {private final JavaMailSender mailSender;private final String tenantId, clientId, clientSecret, senderEmail;private final Office365TokenProvider tokenProvider;public Office365MailService(JavaMailSender mailSender,@Value("${office365.tenant-id}") String tenantId,@Value("${office365.client-id}") String clientId,@Value("${office365.client-secret}") String clientSecret,@Value("${office365.sender-email}") String senderEmail) {this.mailSender = mailSender;this.tenantId = tenantId;this.clientId = clientId;this.clientSecret = clientSecret;this.senderEmail = senderEmail;this.tokenProvider = new Office365TokenProvider(tenantId, clientId, clientSecret);}public void sendEmail(String to, String subject, String htmlContent) throws MessagingException {MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");helper.setFrom(senderEmail);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(subject);helper.setText(htmlContent, true); // 支持HTML// 注入令牌到邮件头(非必须,Spring自动处理认证)message.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + tokenProvider.getAccessToken());mailSender.send(message);}
}
五、常见错误与解决方案
错误码 / 提示 | 原因分析 | 解决方案 |
---|---|---|
535 Authentication failed | 令牌无效或权限不足 | 检查 Azure AD 应用权限,重新获取令牌 |
550 5.7.1 SendAs permission | 缺少发送权限 | 通过 PowerShell 分配SendAs 权限 |
421 Service not available | 服务器临时繁忙 | 添加重试机制,设置指数退避(如 1s→2s→4s) |
ClassNotFoundException: SMTPTransport | JDK 版本不兼容 | 确保使用 JavaMail 1.6.2+,JDK 8 需显式引入com.sun.mail:mail:1.6.2 |
六、性能优化与安全实践
-
令牌缓存
使用ConcurrentHashMap
或 Redis 缓存令牌,设置提前 5 分钟刷新:java
private static final long TOKEN_EXPIRE = 3600; // 有效期1小时 private static final long REFRESH_BUFFER = 300; // 提前5分钟刷新
-
连接池配置
在 Spring Boot 中配置连接池参数:properties
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.connectionpool.size=20 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.connectionpool.timeout=5000
-
敏感信息管理
- 禁止硬编码,使用环境变量或 Spring 配置中心
- 通过
azure-keyvault
组件从 Key Vault 获取Client Secret
七、权威参考
-
微软官方文档
- Office 365 SMTP OAuth2 认证
- Azure AD 应用权限配置
-
JavaMail 最佳实践
- XOAUTH2 认证示例
- JDK 8 兼容性指南
🌟 总结
本文提供了 Java 对接 Office 365 邮箱的完整解决方案,覆盖原生 API 和 Spring Boot 集成,特别针对 JDK 8 兼容性和 OAuth 2.0 认证做了深度优化。