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BGP实验报告

news 来源：原创 2025/5/30 12:33:00

实验需求

1、AS1中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24，该地址不能在任何协议中宣告；

AS3中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24，该地址不能在任何协议中宣告，最终要求这两个环回可以ping通；

2、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，请合理划分；并且其内部配置OSPF协议

3、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制；

4、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问；

5、减少路由条目数量，避免环路出现；

实验思路

1、子网划分：

首先，根据实验要求，将172.16.0.0/16全部划分为掩码为24的子网

172.16.0.0/24

172.16.1.0/24

172.16.2.0/24

172.16.3.0/24

172.16.4.0/24

172.16.5.0/24

172.16.6.0/24

172.16.7.0/24

建邻环回：此拓扑中有8个路由，这8个路由器都需要建邻，用172.16.0.0/24进行划分

172.16.0.1/32------R1

172.16.0.2/32------R2

172.16.0.3/32------R3

172.16.0.4/32------R4

172.16.0.5/32------R5

172.16.0.6/32------R6

172.16.0.7/32------R7

172.16.0.8/32------R8

AS2的骨干链路，用172.16.1.0/24网段进行划分，因为每条链路只需要两个IP地址，所以为了节约IP地址，可给限制可用IP地址数量为2个，AS 2中有6条骨干链路，所以需要6个/30的网段。

子网划分如下：

172.16.1.0/30

172.16.4.0/30

172.16.8.0/30

172.16.12.0/30

172.16.16.0/30

172.16.20.0/30

业务环回：将剩余的子网划分给业务环回

172.16.2.0/24------R2

172.16.3.0/24------R3

172.16.4.0/24------R4

172.16.5.0/24------R5

172.16.6.0/24------R6

172.16.7.0/24------R7

2、使用ospf配置通AS 2内部

3、配置BGP，建立EBGP、IBGP对等体关系，并修改一些属性，配置完成后，查看BGP邻居表，确保邻居都起来。

4、按题目要求宣告网段，查看BGP路由表的学习情况。

5、给两个固定环回搭建虚拟隧道。并在R1和R8上写个静态控制流量方向，实现192.168.1.0至192.168.2.0能通

6、检查实验要求是否达到，测试全网通。【ping -a 本地IP 目标IP】

实验步骤

1.配置各设备的接口IP地址

2.配置ospf协议，给R2至R7，，实现整个AS 2内部互通

[AR2-ospf-1]dis this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.21 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[AR3-ospf-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.5 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[AR4-ospf-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.6 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.9 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[AR5-ospf-1]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.5 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.17 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.22 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.5.1 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[AR6-ospf-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.6 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.13 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.18 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.6.1 0.0.0.0 
#
return
[AR7-ospf-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 area 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.7 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.10 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.1.14 0.0.0.0 network 172.16.7.1 0.0.0.0 
#
return

3.配置BGP协议

[AR1-bgp]display th
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 1router-id 1.1.1.1peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2 #ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.255 peer 12.1.1.2 enable#ipv6-family unicastundo synchronization
#
return[AR2-bgp]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64512router-id 2.2.2.2confederation id 2confederation peer-as 64513peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1 peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.5 ebgp-max-hop 255 peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 peer 12.1.1.1 enablepeer 172.16.0.3 enablepeer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local peer 172.16.0.5 enable#ipv6-family unicastundo synchronization
#
return[AR3-bgp]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64512router-id 3.3.3.3confederation id 2peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.3 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 peer 172.16.0.2 enablepeer 172.16.0.2 reflect-clientpeer 172.16.0.2 next-hop-local peer 172.16.0.4 enablepeer 172.16.0.4 next-hop-local 
#
return[AR4-bgp]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64512router-id 4.4.4.4confederation id 2confederation peer-as 64513peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.7 ebgp-max-hop 255 peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.0 network 172.16.0.4 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.4.0 255.255.255.0 peer 172.16.0.3 enablepeer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local peer 172.16.0.7 enable
#
return[AR5-bgp]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64513router-id 5.5.5.5confederation id 2confederation peer-as 64512peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.2 ebgp-max-hop 255 peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.5 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.5.0 255.255.255.0 peer 172.16.0.2 enablepeer 172.16.0.6 enablepeer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local 
#
return[AR6-bgp]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64513router-id 6.6.6.6confederation id 2peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.6 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.6.0 255.255.255.0 peer 172.16.0.5 enablepeer 172.16.0.5 next-hop-local peer 172.16.0.7 enablepeer 172.16.0.7 reflect-clientpeer 172.16.0.7 next-hop-local 
#
return[AR7-bgp]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 64513router-id 7.7.7.7confederation id 2confederation peer-as 64512peer 34.1.1.8 as-number 3 peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512 peer 172.16.0.4 ebgp-max-hop 255 peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface LoopBack0peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513 peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface LoopBack0#ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.7 255.255.255.255 network 172.16.7.0 255.255.255.0 peer 34.1.1.8 enablepeer 172.16.0.4 enablepeer 172.16.0.6 enablepeer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local 
#
return[AR8-bgp]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
bgp 3router-id 8.8.8.8peer 34.1.1.7 as-number 2 #ipv4-family unicastundo synchronizationnetwork 172.16.0.8 255.255.255.255 peer 34.1.1.7 enable#ipv6-family unicastundo synchronization
#
return

做192.168.1.0/24到192.168.2.0/24之间的GRE，使两个网段互通。

[AR1-Tunnel0/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 tunnel-protocol gresource 172.16.0.1destination 172.16.0.8
#
return
[AR1-Tunnel0/0/0]dsi	
[AR1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[AR1]dis th	
[AR1]dis this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2
#
return
[AR1][AR8-Tunnel0/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 tunnel-protocol gresource 172.16.0.8destination 172.16.0.1
#
return
[AR8-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[AR8]dis	
[AR8]display  th	
[AR8]display  this 
[V200R003C00]
#
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1
#
return
[AR8]