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Java转Go日记（五十六）：gin 渲染

news 来源：原创 2025/5/24 8:25:02

1. 各种数据格式的响应

json、结构体、XML、YAML类似于java的properties、ProtoBuf

package mainimport ("github.com/gin-gonic/gin""github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample"
)// 多种响应方式
func main() {// 1.创建路由// 默认使用了2个中间件Logger(), Recovery()r := gin.Default()// 1.jsonr.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "someJSON", "status": 200})})// 2. 结构体响应r.GET("/someStruct", func(c *gin.Context) {var msg struct {Name    stringMessage stringNumber  int}msg.Name = "root"msg.Message = "message"msg.Number = 123c.JSON(200, msg)})// 3.XMLr.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {c.XML(200, gin.H{"message": "abc"})})// 4.YAML响应r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {c.YAML(200, gin.H{"name": "zhangsan"})})// 5.protobuf格式,谷歌开发的高效存储读取的工具// 数组？切片？如果自己构建一个传输格式，应该是什么格式？r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}// 定义数据label := "label"// 传protobuf格式数据data := &protoexample.Test{Label: &label,Reps:  reps,}c.ProtoBuf(200, data)})r.Run(":8000")
}

2. HTML模板渲染

gin支持加载HTML模板, 然后根据模板参数进行配置并返回相应的数据，本质上就是字符串替换
LoadHTMLGlob()方法可以加载模板文件

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {r := gin.Default()r.LoadHTMLGlob("tem/*")r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.html", gin.H{"title": "我是测试", "ce": "123456"})})r.Run()
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>{{.title}}</title>
</head><body>fgkjdskjdsh{{.ce}}</body>
</html>

目录结构:

代码如下：

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {r := gin.Default()r.LoadHTMLGlob("tem/**/*")r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "user/index.html", gin.H{"title": "我是测试", "address": "www.5lmh.com"})})r.Run()
}

{{ define "user/index.html" }}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>{{.title}}</title>
</head><body>fgkjdskjdsh{{.address}}</body>
</html>
{{ end }}

如果你想进行头尾分离就是下面这种写法了：

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {r := gin.Default()r.LoadHTMLGlob("tem/**/*")r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "user/index.html", gin.H{"title": "我是测试", "address": "www.5lmh.com"})})r.Run()
}

user/index.html文件代码：

{{ define "user/index.html" }}
{{template "public/header" .}}fgkjdskjdsh{{.address}}
{{template "public/footer" .}}
{{ end }}

public/header.html文件代码：

{{define "public/header"}}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><title>{{.title}}</title>
</head><body>{{end}}

public/footer.html文件代码：

{{define "public/footer"}}
</body>
</html>
{{ end }}

如果你需要引入静态文件需要定义一个静态文件目录

    r.Static("/assets", "./assets")

3. 重定向

package mainimport ("net/http""github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {r := gin.Default()r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.5lmh.com")})r.Run()
}

4. 同步异步

goroutine机制可以方便地实现异步处理
另外，在启动新的goroutine时，不应该使用原始上下文，必须使用它的只读副本

package mainimport ("log""time""github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)func main() {// 1.创建路由// 默认使用了2个中间件Logger(), Recovery()r := gin.Default()// 1.异步r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {// 需要搞一个副本copyContext := c.Copy()// 异步处理go func() {time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)log.Println("异步执行：" + copyContext.Request.URL.Path)}()})// 2.同步r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)log.Println("同步执行：" + c.Request.URL.Path)})r.Run(":8000")
}