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Nginx与Tomcat负载均衡集群配置指南

news 来源：原创 2025/5/16 7:44:37

一、资源清单

二、基础环境

三、安装配置Tomcat

四、安装配置Nginx

一、资源清单

主机	操作系统	IP地址
tomcat1	OpenEuler24.03	192.168.16.142
tomcat2	OpenEuler24.03	192.168.16.143
Nginx	OpenEuler24.03	192.168.16.144

二、基础环境

hostnamectl set-hostname tomcat1
hostnamectl set-hostname tomcat2
hostnamectl set-hostname nginx

三、安装配置Tomcat

1.安装依赖

dnf -y install tar
rpm -ivh jdk-8u102-linux-x64.rpm

2.解压并安装

tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ /usr/local/tomcat9

3.启动Tomcat

/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh

4.访问测试

http://192.168.16.142:8080/
http://192.168.16.143:8080/

5.创建存放网页的文件

mkdir -pv /web/webapp1

6.建立网页测试文件

vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title> </head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2,http://www.test2.com") ;%> </body>
<body>
<div>动态页面的图片 2</div><br><img src="logo.png">
</body>
</html>

7.修改Tomcat的server.xml文件（162行后添加）

vi /usr/local/tomcat9/conf/server.xml<Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false" ></Context>

8.重启Tomcat

/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh

四、安装配置Nginx

1.安装Nginx

dnf install -y gcc make pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker tar
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx 
tar zxf nginx-1.26.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.26.3 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-pcre 
make && make install

2.配置Nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf#（33行下添加）
upstream tomcat_server {server 192.168.16.142:8080 weight=1;server 192.168.16.143:8080 weight=1;}# 动态页面正则（48行下添加）
location ~ .*.jsp$ {
proxy_set_header HOST $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;}# 静态图片正则
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { root /usr/local/nginx/html/img;expires 30d;}

3.创建静态文件目录并上传图片

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/img
mv /root/logo.png /usr/local/nginx/html/img/
ls /usr/local/nginx/html/img
logo.png

4.添加网页测试文件

vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><title>静态页面</title><style>body {width: 35em;margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;}</style></head><body><h1>静态页面</h1><p>这是个静态页面</p></body></html>

5.测试配置文件是否正确

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6.启动Nginx服务

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

7.测试静态网页

8.测试负载均衡

a.更改tomcat1网页

vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title> </head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 1,http://www.test1.com") ;%> </body>
<body>
<div>动态页面的图片 2</div><br><img src="logo.png">
</body>
</html>

b.测试

多次访问 http://192.168.16.144/index.jsp 应轮流显示来自tomcat1和tomcat2的响应