CSS3 变形
一、CSS3变形(Transform)是一些效果的集合,有以下几种:
- 平移(Translate):元素沿水平或垂直方向移动。
- 旋转(Rotate):元素绕某点旋转一定的角度。
- 缩放(Scale):元素按一定比例放大或缩小。
- 倾斜(Skew):元素在水平或垂直方向上倾斜。
这些变形效果可以通过CSS属性来实现,例如transform
属性。通过使用这些变形效果,可以创建各种动态的视觉效果和动画。
二、Transform语法
transform: none | <transform-function> [<transform-function>]*;
核心变换函数(transform-function)
-
2D变换函数:
translate(x, y)
/translateX(x)
/translateY(y)
移动元素(单位:px/%)scale(x, y)
/scaleX(x)
/scaleY(y)
缩放元素(无单位,1=原始大小)rotate(angle)
旋转元素(单位:deg/rad)skew(x-angle, y-angle)
/skewX(angle)
/skewY(angle)
倾斜元素(单位:deg)matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)
2D矩阵变换
-
3D变换函数:
translate3d(x, y, z)
3D位移scale3d(x, y, z)
3D缩放rotate3d(x, y, z, angle)
自定义轴旋转matrix3d(...)
16参数的3D矩阵
三、2D位移
四、应用
1、translate平移
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>位移变换(Translate)</title><style>body {background: #f0f0f0;font-family: Arial, sans-serif;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 0;padding: 0;}.box {width: 100px;height: 100px;background: #e441c0;border-radius: 10px;transition: transform 0.5s; /* 变换过渡时间0.5s */margin: 50px auto;line-height: 100px;text-align: center;color: #f0f0f0;}/* 鼠标悬停时向右移动 */.box.bh:hover {transform: translateX(200px);}/* 鼠标悬停时向下移动 */.box.bv:hover {transform: translateY(200px);}/* 向右下角移动 */.box.move-diag:hover {transform: translate(200px, 200px);}</style>
</head><body><div class="box bh">悬停左右</div><div class="box bv">悬停上下</div><div class="box move-diag">悬停右下</div>
</body></html>
2、scale缩放
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>scale 缩放案例</title><style>body {display: flex; /* 设置为弹性布局 */justify-content: center; /* 水平居中 */align-items: center; /* 垂直居中 */height: 100vh; /* 设置高度为视口高度 */}.box {width: 120px;height: 120px;background: #ff9800;border-radius: 16px;margin: 60px auto;color: #fff;font-size: 20px;text-align: center;line-height: 120px;transition: transform 0.4s; /* 设置过渡效果 */box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);}/* 设置悬停时的缩放效果 */.box.big:hover {transform: scale(2.5);}.box.small:hover {transform: scale(0.5);}</style>
</head><body><div class="box big">悬停放大</div><div class="box small">悬停缩小</div></body></html>
3、rotate旋转
rotate(a) :参数a取正值时元素相对原来中心顺时针旋转
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>rotate 旋转案例</title><style>img:hover {transform: rotate(360deg);transition: transform 1s;}</style>
</head>
<body><div>悬停旋转360度</div><img src="imgs/cat.png" alt="" width="500" height="500">
</body>
</html>
4、skew 倾斜
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>skew 倾斜案例</title><style>.skew-box {width: 300px;height: 120px;background: #b6ca6e;color: #fff;font-size: 28px;font-weight: bold;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;margin: 80px auto;border-radius: 16px;transition: transform 0.5s;box-shadow: inset 8px 16px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);}.skew-box:hover {transform: skew(25deg, 15deg);}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="skew-box">悬停倾斜</div>
</body>
</html>
综合案例:
1.制作旋转按钮
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>制作旋转按钮</title><style>.btn-list {display: flex; /* 使用flex布局 */gap: 60px; /* 按钮之间的间距 */margin: 40px 0px;}.btn-link {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;text-decoration: none;color: #222;font-size: 20px;font-weight: bold;transition: color 0.3s; /* 文字颜色的过渡时间 */}.btn-link img {width: 48px;height: 48px;transition: transform 0.6s; /* 旋转和缩放的过渡时间 */display: block; /* 使图片独占一行 */margin-bottom: 8px;}/* 设置图片旋转360度,放大1.5倍*/.btn-link:hover img {transform: rotate(360deg) scale(1.5);}.btn-link:hover {color: #009fe8;}</style>
</head>
<body><h1 style="color:#009fe8;font-size:40px;font-weight:bold;">制作旋转按钮</h1><div class="btn-list"><a href="#" class="btn-link"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="灯泡">灯泡</a><a href="#" class="btn-link"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/72x72/1f680.png" alt="火箭">火箭</a><a href="#" class="btn-link"><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@14.0.2/assets/72x72/1f525.png" alt="火焰">火焰</a></div>
</body>
</html>
2. 3D卡片翻转特效
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>3D卡片翻转特效</title><style>body {background: #f4f4f4;display: flex; /* 设置为弹性布局 */justify-content: center; /* 水平居中 */align-items: center; /* 垂直居中 */height: 100vh; /* 设置高度为视口高度 */}.card-container {perspective: 1000px; /* 设置透视效果 */}.card {width: 300px;height: 200px;position: relative;transform-style: preserve-3d;transition: transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(.23,1.02,.64,.98); /* 过渡效果 */cursor: pointer;}.card-container:hover .card {transform: rotateY(180deg);}.card-face {position: absolute;width: 100%;height: 100%;left: 0;top: 0;backface-visibility: hidden; /* 隐藏背面 */border-radius: 16px;box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;font-size: 28px;font-weight: bold;}/* 正面和背面的样式 */.card-front {background: linear-gradient(135deg, #009fe8 60%, #fff 100%);color: #fff;}.card-back {background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ff9800 60%, #fff 100%);color: #fff;transform: rotateY(180deg); /* 翻转背面 */}</style>
</head>
<body><div class="card-container"><div class="card"><div class="card-face card-front">正面内容</div><div class="card-face card-back">背面内容</div></div></div>
</body>
</html>