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clickhouse集群搭建

news 2025/11/4 15:22:35

Clickhouse集群搭建

文章目录

Clickhouse集群搭建
- 安装包下载
- clickhouse单机安装
- - 默认安装
  - - 默认数据库目录
    - 更改默认数据目录
- 2分片-1副本-3节点集群搭建
- - 1. 配置hosts
  - 2. 修改每个主机的主机名
  - 3. 配置文件上传
  - - 配置文件分布
    - chnode1配置文件
    - chnode2配置文件
    - chnode3配置文件
  - 4. 重启clickhouse-server
  - 5. 集群搭建测试
- Reference List

安装包下载

可以通过deb/rpm、tgz方式安装，但是离线安装选择tgz方式比较方便。本篇介绍
如何离线安装。

tgz下载：https://packages.clickhouse.com/tgz/lts

clickhouse单机安装

搭建集群需要在每台主机上进行单机安装，将tgz和install.sh上传到服务器，执行：

bash install.sh

install.sh

#!/bin/bash

export LATEST_VERSION=22.3.19.6
export ARCH=arm64

tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
  || tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
sudo "clickhouse-common-static-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"

tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
  || tar -xzvf "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
sudo "clickhouse-common-static-dbg-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"

tar -xzvf "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
  || tar -xzvf "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
sudo "clickhouse-server-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh" configure
sudo /etc/init.d/clickhouse-server start

tar -xzvf "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION-${ARCH}.tgz" \
  || tar -xzvf "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION.tgz"
sudo "clickhouse-client-$LATEST_VERSION/install/doinst.sh"

默认安装

默认数据库目录

默认数据目录路径：默认数据目录处于/var/lib/clickhouse。
数据目录初始化：删除此目录，重新启动clickhouse systemctl restart clickhouse-server可以重新将数据目录初始化。

更改默认数据目录

要更改默认数据目录更改，修改/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

    <!-- Path to data directory, with trailing slash. -->
    <path>/var/lib/clickhouse/</path>

配置文件是只读的，所以要修改数据目录，

需要修改其权限

chmod 755 /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

将全部/var/lib/clickhouse/修改为其他数据目录
删除默认数据库目录下所有文件。
重启clickhouse-server，对数据目录进行重新初始化。

2分片-1副本-3节点集群搭建

clickhouse的集群每个分片的每个副本只能放到单独的实例上，比如2分片-2副本需要4台机器，3分片-2副本需要6台机器。

集群的拓扑：

节点	角色	描述
chnode1	Data + ClickHouse Keeper	数据节点 + 协调器
chnode2	Data + ClickHouse Keeper	数据节点 + 协调器
chnode3	ClickHouse Keeper	协调器

分片及副本分布：

节点	角色
chnode1	分片1、副本1
chnode2	分片2、副本1
chnode3	无分片、无副本

1. 配置hosts

对于每个主机，将如下内容追加到/etc/hosts：

10.55.134.82 chnode1     
10.55.134.93 chnode2
10.55.134.99 chnode3

2. 修改每个主机的主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname chnode1

3. 配置文件上传

配置文件分布

/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/目录中的配置会覆盖默认配置，所以官网建议：

服务器配置添加到/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/
用户配置添加到/etc/clickhouse-server/users.d/
不要更改/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
不要更改/etc/clickhouse-server/users.xml

我们先来看看每个主机上的配置文件：

chnode1

[root@chnode1 clickhouse]# ll /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       985 Feb 13 15:41 enable-keeper.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 clickhouse clickhouse  66 Feb 13 16:19 listen.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       104 Feb 13 15:41 macros.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       574 Feb 13 16:52 network-and-logging.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       599 Feb 13 15:41 remote-servers.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       386 Feb 13 15:41 use-keeper.xml

chnode2

[root@chnode2 clickhouse]# ll /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       985 Feb 13 15:41 enable-keeper.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 clickhouse clickhouse  66 Feb 13 16:19 listen.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       104 Feb 13 15:41 macros.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       574 Feb 13 16:52 network-and-logging.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       599 Feb 13 15:41 remote-servers.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root       386 Feb 13 15:41 use-keeper.xml

chnode3

[root@chnode3 clickhouse]# ll /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d/
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 clickhouse clickhouse 985 Feb 13 15:45 enable-keeper.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 clickhouse clickhouse  61 Feb 13 16:06 listen.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 clickhouse clickhouse 566 Feb 13 15:45 network-and-logging.xml

chnode1配置文件

network-and-logging.xml
- 日志在1000M大小时滚动一次，保留3000M的日志。
- clickhouse监听8123和9000端口
- 服务器间通信使用端口9009

<clickhouse>
        <logger>
                <level>debug</level>
                <log>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log</log>
                <errorlog>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.err.log</errorlog>
                <size>1000M</size>
                <count>3</count>
        </logger>
        <display_name>clickhouse</display_name>
        <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
        <http_port>8123</http_port>
        <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>
        <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>
</clickhouse>

enable-keeper.xml
- chnode节点的server_id设置为1，其他节点id要不同。
- 其他配置和chnode2一样

<clickhouse>
  <keeper_server>
    <tcp_port>9181</tcp_port>
    <server_id>1</server_id>
    <log_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/log</log_storage_path>
    <snapshot_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/snapshots</snapshot_storage_path>

    <coordination_settings>
        <operation_timeout_ms>10000</operation_timeout_ms>
        <session_timeout_ms>30000</session_timeout_ms>
        <raft_logs_level>trace</raft_logs_level>
    </coordination_settings>

    <raft_configuration>
        <server>
            <id>1</id>
            <hostname>chnode1</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>2</id>
            <hostname>chnode2</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>3</id>
            <hostname>chnode3</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
    </raft_configuration>
  </keeper_server>
</clickhouse>

macros.xml
- shard值为1，指定了本节点存储分片1，副本1，chnode2里shard的值将变为2
- 这种指定方式可以减少DDL语句复杂度，不用在建表时候再去指定分片分配到哪个节点。

<clickhouse>
  <macros>
    <shard>1</shard>
    <replica>replica_1</replica>
  </macros>
</clickhouse>

remote-servers.xml
- remote-servers部分指定了所有集群，replace="true"表示覆盖默认配置里配置的集群。
- 指定了一个集群名为cluster_2S_1R
- 集群使用secret进行加密通信
- cluster_2S_1R集群有两个分片，每个分片有一个副本。
- internal_replication设置为true表示写入操作时会选择第一个发现的健康副本去写入。

chnode1和chnode2的remote-servers.xml配置相同。

<clickhouse>
  <remote_servers replace="true">
    <cluster_2S_1R>
    <secret>mysecretphrase</secret>
        <shard>
            <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
            <replica>
                <host>chnode1</host>
                <port>9000</port>
            </replica>
        </shard>
        <shard>
            <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
            <replica>
                <host>chnode2</host>
                <port>9000</port>
            </replica>
        </shard>
    </cluster_2S_1R>
  </remote_servers>
</clickhouse>

use-keeper.xml
- 指定3个节点的zookeeper端口为9181

<clickhouse>
    <zookeeper>
        <node index="1">
            <host>chnode1</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="2">
            <host>chnode2</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="3">
            <host>chnode3</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
    </zookeeper>
</clickhouse>

chnode2配置文件

network-and-logging.xml

和chnode1配置相同

<clickhouse>
        <logger>
                <level>debug</level>
                <log>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log</log>
                <errorlog>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.err.log</errorlog>
                <size>1000M</size>
                <count>3</count>
        </logger>
        <display_name>clickhouse</display_name>
        <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
        <http_port>8123</http_port>
        <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>
        <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>
</clickhouse>

enable-keeper.xml
- chnode2节点的server_id设置为2，其他相同

<clickhouse>
  <keeper_server>
    <tcp_port>9181</tcp_port>
    <server_id>2</server_id>
    <log_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/log</log_storage_path>
    <snapshot_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/snapshots</snapshot_storage_path>

    <coordination_settings>
        <operation_timeout_ms>10000</operation_timeout_ms>
        <session_timeout_ms>30000</session_timeout_ms>
        <raft_logs_level>trace</raft_logs_level>
    </coordination_settings>

    <raft_configuration>
        <server>
            <id>1</id>
            <hostname>chnode1</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>2</id>
            <hostname>chnode2</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>3</id>
            <hostname>chnode3</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
    </raft_configuration>
  </keeper_server>
</clickhouse>

macros.xml
- shard值为2，指定了本节点存储分片2，副本1

<clickhouse>
  <macros>
    <shard>2</shard>
    <replica>replica_1</replica>
  </macros>
</clickhouse>

remote-servers.xml

chnode1和chnode2的remote-servers.xml配置相同。

<clickhouse>
  <remote_servers replace="true">
    <cluster_2S_1R>
    <secret>mysecretphrase</secret>
        <shard>
            <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
            <replica>
                <host>chnode1</host>
                <port>9000</port>
            </replica>
        </shard>
        <shard>
            <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
            <replica>
                <host>chnode2</host>
                <port>9000</port>
            </replica>
        </shard>
    </cluster_2S_1R>
  </remote_servers>
</clickhouse>

use-keeper.xml

和chnode1配置相同

<clickhouse>
    <zookeeper>
        <node index="1">
            <host>chnode1</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="2">
            <host>chnode2</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="3">
            <host>chnode3</host>
            <port>9181</port>
        </node>
    </zookeeper>
</clickhouse>

chnode3配置文件

network-and-logging.xml

和chnode1配置相同

<clickhouse>
        <logger>
                <level>debug</level>
                <log>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log</log>
                <errorlog>/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.err.log</errorlog>
                <size>1000M</size>
                <count>3</count>
        </logger>
        <display_name>clickhouse</display_name>
        <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
        <http_port>8123</http_port>
        <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>
        <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>
</clickhouse>

enable-keeper.xml
- chnode3节点的server_id设置为3，其他相同

<clickhouse>
  <keeper_server>
    <tcp_port>9181</tcp_port>
    <server_id>3</server_id>
    <log_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/log</log_storage_path>
    <snapshot_storage_path>/var/lib/clickhouse/coordination/snapshots</snapshot_storage_path>

    <coordination_settings>
        <operation_timeout_ms>10000</operation_timeout_ms>
        <session_timeout_ms>30000</session_timeout_ms>
        <raft_logs_level>trace</raft_logs_level>
    </coordination_settings>

    <raft_configuration>
        <server>
            <id>1</id>
            <hostname>chnode1</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>2</id>
            <hostname>chnode2</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
        <server>
            <id>3</id>
            <hostname>chnode3</hostname>
            <port>9234</port>
        </server>
    </raft_configuration>
  </keeper_server>
</clickhouse>

4. 重启clickhouse-server

三台服务器全部执行：

systemctl restart clickhouse-server

5. 集群搭建测试

下面来创建样例分布表，测试下效果：

连接chnode1,执行SHOW CLUSTERS

[root@chnode1 clickhouse]# clickhouse-client --password -h 127.0.0.1
ClickHouse client version 22.3.19.6 (official build).
Password for user (default): 
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 22.3.19 revision 54455.

clickhouse :) SHOW CLUSTERS

SHOW CLUSTERS

Query id: 0ff16c63-3c1e-438d-8fad-1e8e25c42235

┌─cluster───────┐
│ cluster_2S_1R │
└───────────────┘

创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE db1 ON CLUSTER cluster_2S_1R

创建一个分布表

CREATE TABLE db1.table1_dist ON CLUSTER cluster_2S_1R
(
    `id` UInt64,
    `column1` String
)
ENGINE = Distributed('cluster_2S_1R', 'db1', 'table1', rand())

分别clickhouse-client连接chnode1和chnode2.

chnode1插入：

INSERT INTO db1.table1 (id, column1) VALUES (1, 'abc');

chnode2插入：

INSERT INTO db1.table1 (id, column1) VALUES (2, 'def');

查询数据

clickhouse :) SELECT * FROM db1.table1_dist;

SELECT *
FROM db1.table1_dist

Query id: 8ce26016-f923-472e-894d-a7a3025a8927

┌─id─┬─column1─┐
│  1 │ abc     │
└────┴─────────┘
┌─id─┬─column1─┐
│  1 │ abc     │
└────┴─────────┘