colcon: error: unrecognized arguments: --packages-select报错
该问题主要是 colcon 的功能包不全导致的，下载 colcon 的扩展包：
sudo apt install python3-colcon-common-extensions现在就能正确编译单个包了。
下面是安装前后的对比：
下载前：
colcon build --packages-select -h
usage: colcon build [-h] [--build-base BUILD_BASE] [--install-base INSTALL_BASE] [--merge-install] [--symlink-install][--test-result-base TEST_RESULT_BASE] [--continue-on-error] [--executor {sequential}][--event-handlers [name1+ [name2- ...]]] [--base-paths [PATH ...]] [--paths [PATH ...]] [--cmake-args [* ...]][--cmake-target CMAKE_TARGET] [--cmake-target-skip-unavailable] [--cmake-clean-cache] [--cmake-clean-first][--cmake-force-configure] [--ament-cmake-args [* ...]] [--catkin-cmake-args [* ...]][--catkin-skip-building-tests]Build a set of packages.options:-h, --help show this help message and exit--build-base BUILD_BASEThe base path for all build directories (default: build)--install-base INSTALL_BASEThe base path for all install prefixes (default: install)--merge-install Merge all install prefixes into a single location--symlink-install Use symlinks instead of copying files where possible--test-result-base TEST_RESULT_BASEThe base path for all test results (default: --build-base)--continue-on-error Continue other packages when a package fails to build (packages recursively depending on the failedpackage are skipped)Executor arguments:--executor {sequential}The executor to process all packages (default: sequential)* sequential: Process one package at a timeEvent handler arguments:--event-handlers [name1+ [name2- ...]]Enable (+) or disable (-) event handlers (default: compile_commands+ console_direct+ console_start_end+log_command+)* compile_commands: Generate a `compile_commands.json` file for the whole workspace* console_direct: Pass output directly to stdout/err* console_start_end: Output task name on start/end* log_command: Log a 'debug' message for each commandDiscovery arguments:--base-paths [PATH ...]The base paths to recursively crawl for packages (default: .)--paths [PATH ...] The paths to check for a package. Use shell wildcards (e.g. `src/*`) to select all direct subdirectoriesArguments for 'cmake' packages:--cmake-args [* ...] Pass arguments to CMake projects. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a space,e.g. --cmake-args " --help" (stdout might not be shown by default, e.g. add `--event-handlersconsole_cohesion+`)--cmake-target CMAKE_TARGETBuild a specific target instead of the default target--cmake-target-skip-unavailableSkip building packages which don't have the target passed to --cmake-target--cmake-clean-cache Remove CMake cache before the build (implicitly forcing CMake configure step)--cmake-clean-first Build target 'clean' first, then build (to only clean use '--cmake-target clean')--cmake-force-configureForce CMake configure stepArguments for 'ros.ament_cmake' packages:--ament-cmake-args [* ...]Pass arguments to 'ament_cmake' packages. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a spaceArguments for 'ros.catkin' packages:--catkin-cmake-args [* ...]Pass arguments to 'catkin' packages. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a space--catkin-skip-building-testsBy default the 'tests' target of 'catkin' packages is invoked. If running 'colcon test' later isn'tintended this can be skipped下载后：
colcon build --packages-select -h
usage: colcon build [-h] [--build-base BUILD_BASE] [--install-base INSTALL_BASE] [--merge-install] [--symlink-install][--test-result-base TEST_RESULT_BASE] [--continue-on-error] [--executor {parallel,sequential}][--parallel-workers NUMBER] [--event-handlers [name1+ [name2- ...]]] [--ignore-user-meta] [--metas [PATH ...]][--base-paths [PATH ...]] [--packages-ignore [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-ignore-regex [PATTERN ...]][--paths [PATH ...]] [--packages-up-to [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-up-to-regex [PATTERN ...]][--packages-above [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-above-and-dependencies [PKG_NAME ...]][--packages-above-depth DEPTH [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-select-by-dep [PKG_NAME ...]][--packages-skip-by-dep [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-skip-up-to [PKG_NAME ...]][--packages-select-build-failed | --packages-skip-build-finished | --packages-select-test-failures | --packages-skip-test-passed][--packages-select [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-skip [PKG_NAME ...]] [--packages-select-regex [PATTERN ...]][--packages-skip-regex [PATTERN ...]] [--packages-start PKG_NAME] [--packages-end PKG_NAME][--allow-overriding PKG_NAME [PKG_NAME ...]] [--cmake-args [* ...]] [--cmake-target CMAKE_TARGET][--cmake-target-skip-unavailable] [--cmake-clean-cache] [--cmake-clean-first] [--cmake-force-configure][--ament-cmake-args [* ...]] [--catkin-cmake-args [* ...]] [--catkin-skip-building-tests]Build a set of packages.options:-h, --help show this help message and exit--build-base BUILD_BASEThe base path for all build directories (default: build)--install-base INSTALL_BASEThe base path for all install prefixes (default: install)--merge-install Merge all install prefixes into a single location--symlink-install Use symlinks instead of copying files where possible--test-result-base TEST_RESULT_BASEThe base path for all test results (default: --build-base)--continue-on-error Continue other packages when a package fails to build (packages recursively depending on the failedpackage are skipped)Executor arguments:--executor {parallel,sequential}The executor to process all packages (default: parallel)* parallel: Process multiple packages in parallel* sequential: Process one package at a time--parallel-workers NUMBERThe maximum number of packages to process in parallel, or '0' for no limit (default: 8)Event handler arguments:--event-handlers [name1+ [name2- ...]]Enable (+) or disable (-) event handlers (default: compile_commands+ console_cohesion- console_direct-console_package_list- console_start_end+ console_stderr+ desktop_notification+ event_log+ log+log_command+ status+ store_result+ summary+ terminal_title+)* compile_commands: Generate a `compile_commands.json` file for the whole workspace* console_cohesion: Pass task output at once to stdout* console_direct: Pass output directly to stdout/err* console_package_list: Output list of queued job names* console_start_end: Output task name on start/end* console_stderr: Output all stderr of a task at once* desktop_notification: Desktop notification of the summary* event_log: Log all events to a global log file* log: Output task specific log files* log_command: Log a 'debug' message for each command* status: Continuously update a status line* store_result: Persist the result of a job in a file in its build directory* summary: Output summary of all tasks* terminal_title: Show status in the terminal titleDiscovery arguments:--ignore-user-meta Ignore `*.meta` files in the user config directory `/home/jcg/.colcon/metadata`--metas [PATH ...] The directories containing a `colcon.meta` file or paths to arbitrary files containing the same metainformation (default: ./colcon.meta)--base-paths [PATH ...]The base paths to recursively crawl for packages (default: .)--packages-ignore [PKG_NAME ...]Ignore packages as if they were not discovered--packages-ignore-regex [PATTERN ...]Ignore packages where any of the patterns match the package name--paths [PATH ...] The paths to check for a package. Use shell wildcards (e.g. `src/*`) to select all direct subdirectoriesPackage selection arguments:--packages-up-to [PKG_NAME ...]Only process a subset of packages and their recursive dependencies--packages-up-to-regex [PATTERN ...]Only process a subset of packages and their recursive dependencies, where any of the patterns match thepackage name--packages-above [PKG_NAME ...]Only process a subset of packages and packages which recursively depend on them--packages-above-and-dependencies [PKG_NAME ...]Only process a subset of packages and packages which recursively depend on them including all theirrecursive dependencies--packages-above-depth DEPTH [PKG_NAME ...]Only process a subset of packages and packages which recursively depend on them up to a given depth--packages-select-by-dep [PKG_NAME ...]Only process packages which (recursively) depend on this--packages-skip-by-dep [PKG_NAME ...]Skip packages which (recursively) depend on this--packages-skip-up-to [PKG_NAME ...]Skip a subset of packages and their recursive dependencies--packages-select-build-failedOnly process a subset of packages which have failed to build previously (aborted packages are notconsidered errors)--packages-skip-build-finishedSkip a set of packages which have finished to build previously--packages-select-test-failuresOnly process a subset of packages which had test failures previously--packages-skip-test-passedSkip a set of packages which had no test failures previously--packages-select [PKG_NAME ...]Only process a subset of packages--packages-skip [PKG_NAME ...]Skip a set of packages--packages-select-regex [PATTERN ...]Only process a subset of packages where any of the patterns match the package name--packages-skip-regex [PATTERN ...]Skip a set of packages where any of the patterns match the package name--packages-start PKG_NAMESkip packages before this in flat topological ordering--packages-end PKG_NAMESkip packages after this in flat topological ordering--allow-overriding PKG_NAME [PKG_NAME ...]Allow building packages that exist in underlay workspacesArguments for 'cmake' packages:--cmake-args [* ...] Pass arguments to CMake projects. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a space,e.g. --cmake-args " --help" (stdout might not be shown by default, e.g. add `--event-handlersconsole_cohesion+`)--cmake-target CMAKE_TARGETBuild a specific target instead of the default target--cmake-target-skip-unavailableSkip building packages which don't have the target passed to --cmake-target--cmake-clean-cache Remove CMake cache before the build (implicitly forcing CMake configure step)--cmake-clean-first Build target 'clean' first, then build (to only clean use '--cmake-target clean')--cmake-force-configureForce CMake configure stepArguments for 'ros.ament_cmake' packages:--ament-cmake-args [* ...]Pass arguments to 'ament_cmake' packages. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a spaceArguments for 'ros.catkin' packages:--catkin-cmake-args [* ...]Pass arguments to 'catkin' packages. Arguments matching other options must be prefixed by a space--catkin-skip-building-testsBy default the 'tests' target of 'catkin' packages is invoked. If running 'colcon test' later isn'tintended this can be skipped