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Spring Boot操作MongoDB的完整示例大全

news 来源：原创 2025/5/7 7:20:11

以下是基于Spring Boot操作MongoDB的完整示例大全，涵盖增删改查、聚合查询、索引、事务等核心功能：

一、基础CRUD操作

1. 环境配置

依赖配置（pom.xml）

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>

核心配置（application.yml）

spring:data:mongodb:uri: mongodb://root:123456@192.168.3.11:27017/mydb?authSource=admin# 或分开配置host: 192.168.3.11port: 27017username: rootpassword: 123456authentication-database: admin

2. 实体类定义

@Data
@Document(collection = "users") // 指定集合名
public class User {@Idprivate String id;@Indexed(direction = IndexDirection.ASCENDING) // 单字段索引private String name;@TextIndexed // 全文索引private String email;private Integer age;private Date createDate;
}

3. Repository接口

public interface UserRepository extends MongoRepository<User, String> {// 方法名推导查询List<User> findByName(String name);// 自定义JSON查询@Query("{ 'age' : { $gt: ?0 } }")List<User> findByAgeGreaterThan(int age);
}

4. MongoTemplate操作

@Autowired
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;// 插入文档
User user = new User();
user.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
user.setName("Alice");
mongoTemplate.insert(user); // 插入单个文档// 查询所有
List<User> users = mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class);// 根据ID查询
User user = mongoTemplate.findById("1001", User.class);// 条件查询
Query query = new Query();
query.eq("name", "Alice").gt("age", 20);
List<User> result = mongoTemplate.find(query, User.class);// 更新文档
Update update = new Update();
update.set("name", "NewName").inc("age", 1);
mongoTemplate.updateFirst(Query.query(Criteria.where("id").is("1001")), update, User.class);// 删除文档
mongoTemplate.remove(Query.query(Criteria.where("id").is("1001")), User.class);

二、聚合查询操作

1. 使用Aggregation API

// 聚合管道：匹配+分组统计
Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Aggregation.match(Criteria.where("age").gt(18)), // 过滤年龄>18Aggregation.group("department") // 按部门分组.count().as("total") // 统计人数.avg("salary").as("avgSalary"), // 计算平均工资Aggregation.sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "total") // 按总人数降序排序
);// 执行聚合
AggregationResults<Document> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "users", Document.class);

2. 原生JSON聚合

// 直接使用JSON格式定义聚合管道
String pipeline = "[{ $match: { age: { $gt: 18 } } }, " +"{ $group: { _id: '$department', total: { $sum: 1 }, avgSalary: { $avg: '$salary' } } }, " +"{ $sort: { total: -1 } }]";AggregationResults<Document> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(new BasicQuery(pipeline), "users", Document.class);

三、高级功能实现

1. 全文搜索

// 1. 创建文本索引
@TextIndexed
private String title;// 2. 使用TextCriteria查询
public List<Note> searchNotes(String keyword) {TextCriteria criteria = TextCriteria.forDefaultLanguage().matching(keyword);Query query = new Query(criteria);return mongoTemplate.find(query, Note.class);
}

2. 事务管理

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class MongoConfig {@Beanpublic MongoTransactionManager transactionManager(MongoDatabaseFactory factory) {return new MongoTransactionManager(factory);}
}// 服务层使用@Transactional
@Service
public class TransferService {@Transactionalpublic void transferMoney(String fromId, String toId, double amount) {// 扣减转出账户mongoTemplate.updateFirst(Query.query(Criteria.where("id").is(fromId)), new Update().inc("balance", -amount), Account.class);// 增加转入账户mongoTemplate.updateFirst(Query.query(Criteria.where("id").is(toId)), new Update().inc("balance", amount), Account.class);}
}

3. 连接池调优

spring:data:mongodb:uri: mongodb://user:pass@host:27017/db?maxIdleTimeMS=300000&maxPoolSize=100&minPoolSize=10&maxWaitTimeMS=1000

四、性能优化技巧

1. 分页查询

// 使用Pageable实现分页
Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(0, 10, Sort.by("age").descending());
Query query = new Query().with(pageable);
List<User> users = mongoTemplate.find(query, User.class);

2. 复合索引

@CompoundIndexes({@CompoundIndex(name = "name_age_index", def = "{'name': 1, 'age': -1}")
})
public class User {}

3. 地理位置查询

// 创建2D索引
@Field(store = true, indexDirection = Direction.GEO2D)
private Point location;// 查询附近5公里内的用户
Query query = new Query();
query.near("location", new GeoJsonPoint(116.4, 39.9)).maxDistance(5000);
List<User> nearbyUsers = mongoTemplate.find(query, User.class);