【保姆级教程-Centos7环境下部署postgresql15并设置开机自启】

1. 依赖安装

1.1 下载必要依赖包

wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/l/libzstd-1.5.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/l/llvm5.0-{devel,libs,5.0.1-7.el7}.x86_64.rpm

1.2 安装依赖包

yum install -y ./libzstd-1.5.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
yum install -y centos-release-scl-rh llvm5*
yum install -y epel-release

2. 官方仓库配置

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

3. PostgreSQL安装

3.1 标准安装命令

yum install -y postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel

3.2 特殊场景安装（仓库冲突时）

yum install -y --disablerepo=centos-sclo-rh \--skip-broken postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel

4. 数据库初始化

/usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb

5. 服务管理

# 开机自启
systemctl enable postgresql-15# 服务控制
# 开机启动|启动|重启|状态|停止 命令
systemctl enable postgresql-15
systemctl start postgresql-15
systemctl restart postgresql-15
systemctl status postgresql-15
systemctl stop postgresql-15

6. 环境配置

6.1 配置环境变量

echo '#PGSQL_HOME
export PGSQL_HOME=/usr/pgsql-15
export PATH=$PATH:$PGSQL_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

6.2 验证安装

psql --version

7. 初始化数据库

psql -c "CREATE DATABASE test_db;" -U postgres
psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';" -U postgres

8. 远程访问配置

8.1 修改监听地址

vim /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/postgresql.conf
修改参数:
listen_addresses = '*'

8.2 配置访问控制

vim /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/pg_hba.conf
# 添加内容
host    all             all              0.0.0.0/0              md5

8.3 重启服务

systemctl restart postgresql-15

9. 连接测试

psql -h <主机IP> -p 5432 -U postgres -d test_db -W

10. 故障排除

yum install -y postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel

报错：已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository pgdg15 is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=x86_64&release=7&repo=sclo-rh error was
14: curl#6 - “Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误”
解决方法：
临时禁用有问题的仓库

yum install -y --disablerepo=centos-sclo-rh postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel

yum install -y --disablerepo=centos-sclo-rh postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel

报错：错误：软件包：postgresql15-devel-15.12-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
需要：llvm-toolset-7-clang >= 4.0.1
您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

解决方法：

yum install -y --disablerepo=centos-sclo-rh --skip-broken postgresql15-server postgresql15-devel