CentOS 7安装Python3.12

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使用pyenv安装python3.12

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一、gitub下载pyenv

https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
按照README，pyenv教程安装即可

二、升级GCC

安装依赖

yum install centos-release-scl -y

手动修改库地址
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo

[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

更新yum库

yum clean all yum makecache

安装并开启GCC11

yum install devtoolset-11 -y scl enable devtoolset-11 bash

三.升级openssl

Python 3.10+ 需要 OpenSSL 1.1.1+，但 CentOS 7 默认的 OpenSSL 版本是 1.0.2，需手动升级
步骤 1：从源码编译 OpenSSL 1.1.1

# 下载 OpenSSL 1.1.1
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz
tar -xzf openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1w

# 编译安装到 /opt/openssl
./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/opt/openssl
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

# 添加动态库路径
echo '/opt/openssl/lib' | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/openssl-1.1.1.conf
sudo ldconfig

步骤 2：验证 OpenSSL 版本

/opt/openssl/bin/openssl version
# 输出应为 OpenSSL 1.1.1w

步骤 3：设置编译环境变量
在编译 Python 时，通过环境变量指定 OpenSSL 路径：

export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/openssl/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/openssl/lib"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/openssl/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

步骤 4：安装 Python 3.12

pyenv install 3.12.9 --verbose

步骤 5：验证

[root@...] pyenv global 3.12
[root@...] python3
Python 3.12.9 (main, Apr  8 2025, 15:37:15) [GCC 11.2.1 20220127 (Red Hat 11.2.1-9)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

这样python3.12.9就完成安装在CentOS上啦！