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题目描述
小明在做数据结构的作业，其中一题是给你一棵二叉树的前序遍历和中序遍历结果，要求你写出这棵二叉树的后序遍历结果。
输入
输入包含多组测试数据。每组输入包含两个字符串，分别表示二叉树的前序遍历和中序遍历结果。每个字符串由不重复的大写字母组成。
输出
对于每组输入，输出对应的二叉树的后续遍历结果。
样例输入
DBACEGF ABCDEFG
BCAD CBAD样例输出
ACBFGED
CDAB分析：不建树直接找的方法。
#include<algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <ctime>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#define ll long long
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define db1(x) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<endl
#define db2(x,y) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<endl
#define db3(x,y,z) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<", "<<#z<<"="<<(z)<<endl
#define db4(x,y,z,a) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<", "<<#z<<"="<<(z)<<", "<<#a<<"="<<(a)<<endl
using namespace std;char preorder[1100],midorder[1100],lastorder[1100];void getlastorder(char pre[],char mid[],int n)
{int t;if(n<=0)return;for(t=0;t<n;++t)if(mid[t]==pre[0])break;getlastorder(pre+1,mid,t);getlastorder(pre+t+1,mid+t+1,n-t-1);printf("%c",pre[0]);
}int main(void)
{#ifdef testfreopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
// freopen("in.txt","w",stdout);clock_t start=clock();#endif //testwhile(~scanf("%s%s",preorder,midorder)){getlastorder(preorder,midorder,strlen(preorder));printf("\n");}#ifdef testclockid_t end=clock();double endtime=(double)(end-start)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC;printf("\n\n\n\n\n");cout<<"Total time:"<<endtime<<"s"<<endl; //s为单位cout<<"Total time:"<<endtime*1000<<"ms"<<endl; //ms为单位#endif //testreturn 0;
}建树再后序遍历的方法：由于前序遍历是先遍历根节点，因此前序遍历的第一个点一定是根节点。再到中序遍历中找到根节点的位置，这之前都是左子树，这之后都是右子树。知道左右子树长度之后，就可以在前序遍历中找到左右子树。这样递归地建立二叉树，最后输出后序遍历结果。
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <ctime>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include<unordered_map>
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define db1(x) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<endl
#define db2(x,y) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<endl
#define db3(x,y,z) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<", "<<#z<<"="<<(z)<<endl
#define db4(x,y,z,a) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<", "<<#z<<"="<<(z)<<", "<<#a<<"="<<(a)<<endl
#define db5(x,y,z,a,r) cout<<#x<<"="<<(x)<<", "<<#y<<"="<<(y)<<", "<<#z<<"="<<(z)<<", "<<#a<<"="<<(a)<<", "<<#r<<"="<<(r)<<endl
using namespace std;typedef struct node
{char val;struct node *left,*right;
}node;void Free(node *root)
{if(root->left!=NULL)Free(root->left);if(root->right!=NULL)Free(root->right);free(root);return;
}node *get_tree(char *pre,int pre_l,int pre_r,char *mid,int mid_l,int mid_r)
{if(pre_l>=pre_r)return NULL;node *p=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node));p->val=pre[pre_l];int index=0;for(index=mid_l;index<mid_r;++index)if(mid[index]==pre[pre_l])break;p->left=get_tree(pre,pre_l+1,pre_l+1+index-mid_l,mid,mid_l,index);p->right=get_tree(pre,pre_l+1+index-mid_l,pre_r,mid,index+1,mid_r);return p;
}void last_order(node *root)
{if(root==NULL)return;last_order(root->left);last_order(root->right);printf("%c",root->val);return;
}int main(void)
{#ifdef testfreopen("in.txt","r",stdin);//freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);clock_t start=clock();#endif //testchar pre[100000],mid[100000];while(~scanf("%s%s",pre,mid)){int len=strlen(pre);node *root=get_tree(pre,0,len,mid,0,len);last_order(root);printf("\n");Free(root);}#ifdef testclockid_t end=clock();double endtime=(double)(end-start)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC;printf("\n\n\n\n\n");cout<<"Total time:"<<endtime<<"s"<<endl; //s为单位cout<<"Total time:"<<endtime*1000<<"ms"<<endl; //ms为单位#endif //testreturn 0;
}