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1、使用QT Creator 新建项目

2、添加Python解释器

在.pro 文件中添加python头文件与链接库

INCLUDEPATH += -I /usr/include/python3.8/
LIBS += -L /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu -lpython3.8

本文实验为ubuntu自带python3.8，虚拟环境中的python解释器运行python脚本未成功

3、Python脚本编写

import os
import sys
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as npprint(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()))
print(sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))
def test_add():x = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]y = [2.83, 9.53, 14.52, 21.57, 38.26, 53.92, 73.15, 101.56, 129.54, 169.75, 207.59]z = np.polyfit(x, y, 3)p = np.poly1d(z)y_pre = p(x)# 绘图plt.plot(x,y, '+')plt.plot(x,y_pre)# 显示plt.show()def add(a, b):c = a + bprint(f"{a}+{b}={c}")return (c,7.7)# test_add()
# add(2, 3)

4、 mainwindow.cpp内容编写

4.1 无参函数的调用

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <QDebug>
#undef slots
#include "Python.h"
#define slotsMainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{Py_Initialize();if(!Py_IsInitialized()){qDebug() << "init err";}PyRun_SimpleString("import os");PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.getcwd())");PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");//PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(sys.path)");PyObject * pmodle = PyImport_ImportModule("pyplot");if(!pmodle){qDebug() << "can not open the file";}PyObject * callback = PyObject_GetAttrString(pmodle, "test_add");PyObject * ret = PyObject_CallObject(callback, NULL);Py_Finalize();ui->setupUi(this);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}

 4.2 有参函数的调用

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#undef slots
#include <Python.h>
#define slots
#include <QDebug>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{Py_Initialize();if(!Py_IsInitialized()){qDebug() << "init err";}PyRun_SimpleString("import os");PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.getcwd())");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(sys.path)");PyObject * pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule("pyplot");if(!pmodule){qDebug() << "can not open the file";}PyObject * callback = PyObject_GetAttrString(pmodule, "add");PyObject * args = PyTuple_New(2);// PyObject * arg1 = PyLong_FromLong(3);// PyObject * arg2 = PyLong_FromLong(6);PyObject * arg1 = PyFloat_FromDouble(3.3);PyObject * arg2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(6.6);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, arg1);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, arg2);PyObject * ret = PyObject_CallObject(callback, args);// long c_ret = PyLong_AsLong(ret);float c_ret = PyFloat_AsDouble(ret);qDebug() << "c_ret = " << c_ret;Py_Finalize();ui->setupUi(this);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}

 4.3 函数返回多个参数的调用

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#undef slots
#include <Python.h>
#define slots
#include <QDebug>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPushButton>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{Py_Initialize();if(!Py_IsInitialized()){qDebug() << "init err";}PyRun_SimpleString("import os");PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.getcwd())");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(sys.path)");PyObject * pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule("pyplot");if(!pmodule){qDebug() << "can not open the file";}PyObject * callback = PyObject_GetAttrString(pmodule, "add");PyObject * args = PyTuple_New(2);// PyObject * arg1 = PyLong_FromLong(3);// PyObject * arg2 = PyLong_FromLong(6);// 传入参数PyObject * arg1 = PyFloat_FromDouble(3.3);PyObject * arg2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(6.6);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, arg1);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, arg2);PyObject * ret = PyObject_CallObject(callback, args);// 传出参数// long c_ret = PyLong_AsLong(ret);// float c_ret = PyLong_AsLong(ret);// qDebug() << "c_ret = " << c_ret;double ret1, ret2;PyArg_ParseTuple(ret, "d|d", &ret1, &ret2);qDebug() << "ret1 = " << ret1 << " ret2 = " << ret2;ui->setupUi(this);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{Py_Finalize();delete ui;
}

4.4  QT按键调用python函数

 4.4.1 mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>
#undef slots
#include <Python.h>
#define slots
#include <QDebug>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QGridLayout>QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
QT_END_NAMESPACEclass MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{Q_OBJECTpublic:MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~MainWindow();private:Ui::MainWindow *ui;QLineEdit * A_par;QLineEdit * B_par;QLineEdit * C_par;QPushButton * func_btn;QGridLayout * Grid;PyObject * callback;PyObject * args;PyObject * arg1;PyObject * arg2;PyObject * ret;PyObject * pmodule;private slots:void python_func();};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

 4.4.2 mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);Py_Initialize();if(Py_IsInitialized()){qDebug() << "init ok";}PyRun_SimpleString("import os");PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.getcwd())");PyRun_SimpleString("print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())))");PyRun_SimpleString("print(sys.path)");pmodule = PyImport_ImportModule("pyplot");if(pmodule){PyErr_Print();qDebug() << "file is ok";}callback = PyObject_GetAttrString(pmodule, "add");A_par = new QLineEdit();B_par = new QLineEdit();C_par = new QLineEdit();func_btn = new QPushButton("=");Grid = new QGridLayout();Grid->addWidget(A_par, 0, 1);Grid->addWidget(B_par, 0, 2);Grid->addWidget(C_par, 1, 1);Grid->addWidget(func_btn, 0, 3);this->centralWidget()->setLayout(Grid);connect(func_btn, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(python_func()));}MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{Py_Finalize();delete ui;
}void MainWindow::python_func()
{double A = A_par->text().toDouble();double B = B_par->text().toDouble();args = PyTuple_New(2);// PyObject * arg1 = PyLong_FromLong(3);// PyObject * arg2 = PyLong_FromLong(6);// 传入参数arg1 = PyFloat_FromDouble(A);arg2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(B);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, arg1);PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, arg2);ret = PyObject_CallObject(callback, args);// 传出参数// long c_ret = PyLong_AsLong(ret);// float c_ret = PyLong_AsLong(ret);// qDebug() << "c_ret = " << c_ret;double ret1, ret2;PyArg_ParseTuple(ret, "d|d", &ret1, &ret2);qDebug() << "ret1 = " << ret1 << " ret2 = " << ret2;C_par->setText(QString::number(ret1));
}

 4.4.3 main.cpp 

#include "mainwindow.h"#include <QApplication>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);MainWindow w;w.show();return a.exec();
}

 运行结果：