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Django 实现 Web 机器人控制
以下是关于 Django 实现 Web 机器人控制管理的实例思路和关键代码片段，涵盖多个常见场景。由于篇幅限制，剩余的可通过类似模式扩展。
基础机器人模型定义
# models.py
from django.db import modelsclass Robot(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)status = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=[('IDLE', '待机'),('WORKING', '工作中'),('ERROR', '故障')])ip_address = models.GenericIPAddressField()last_heartbeat = models.DateTimeField(null=True)def __str__(self):return f"{self.name} ({self.status})"
REST API 控制接口
# views.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Robot
from .serializers import RobotSerializerclass RobotViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Robot.objects.all()serializer_class = RobotSerializer
实时状态监控
# consumers.py (WebSocket)
import json
from channels.generic.websocket import AsyncWebsocketConsumerclass RobotStatusConsumer(AsyncWebsocketConsumer):async def connect(self):await self.accept()async def receive(self, text_data):data = json.loads(text_data)robot = Robot.objects.get(id=data['robot_id'])await self.send(text_data=json.dumps({'status': robot.status,'last_heartbeat': str(robot.last_heartbeat)}))
任务队列管理
# tasks.py
from celery import shared_task
from .models import Robot@shared_task
def execute_robot_command(robot_id, command):robot = Robot.objects.get(id=robot_id)# 执行具体控制逻辑robot.status = 'WORKING'robot.save()
自动化测试机器人
# test_robots.py
from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Robotclass RobotTestCase(TestCase):def setUp(self):Robot.objects.create(name="TestBot", status="IDLE", ip_address="127.0.0.1")def test_robot_status_change(self):robot = Robot.objects.get(name="TestBot")robot.status = "WORKING"robot.save()self.assertEqual(robot.status, "WORKING")
权限控制系统
# permissions.py
from rest_framework import permissionsclass IsRobotOwner(permissions.BasePermission):def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):return obj.owner == request.user
批量导入导出
# admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from import_export import resources
from import_export.admin import ImportExportModelAdmin
from .models import Robotclass RobotResource(resources.ModelResource):class Meta:model = Robot@admin.register(Robot)
class RobotAdmin(ImportExportModelAdmin):resource_class = RobotResource
地理围栏控制
# geofence.py
from django.contrib.gis.db import modelsclass GeoFence(models.Model):robot = models.ForeignKey(Robot, on_delete=models.CASCADE)boundary = models.PolygonField()is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
日志记录系统
# log_handlers.py
from django.db import models
from .models import Robotclass RobotLog(models.Model):robot = models.ForeignKey(Robot, on_delete=models.CASCADE)timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)message = models.TextField()level = models.CharField(max_length=10)
可视化仪表盘
# dashboard.py
from django.views.generic import TemplateViewclass RobotDashboardView(TemplateView):template_name = "robots/dashboard.html"def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)context['active_robots'] = Robot.objects.filter(status='WORKING').count()return context
完整实现需要结合具体业务需求扩展。建议参考 Django Channels 实现实时通信、Celery 处理异步任务、DRF 构建 REST API 等关键技术栈。
基于Django的Web版多机器人控制
以下是一个基于Django的Web版多机器人集合控制系统的代码框架示例，包含核心功能模块和实现逻辑：
模型设计（models.py）
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import Userclass Robot(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)ip_address = models.CharField(max_length=15)status = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='offline')last_heartbeat = models.DateTimeField(null=True)created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)class Task(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)command = models.TextField()assigned_robots = models.ManyToManyField(Robot)status = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='pending')created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
视图控制（views.py）
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Robot, Task
from .serializers import RobotSerializer, TaskSerializerclass RobotViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Robot.objects.all()serializer_class = RobotSerializerclass TaskViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):queryset = Task.objects.all()serializer_class = TaskSerializerdef control_panel(request):robots = Robot.objects.filter(status='online')tasks = Task.objects.all()return render(request, 'control_panel.html', {'robots': robots, 'tasks': tasks})
序列化器（serializers.py）
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Robot, Taskclass RobotSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Robotfields = '__all__'class TaskSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Taskfields = '__all__'
前端模板（control_panel.html）
<div class="robot-list">{% for robot in robots %}<div class="robot-card" data-id="{{ robot.id }}"><h3>{{ robot.name }}</h3><p>Status: <span class="status">{{ robot.status }}</span></p><button class="command-btn" data-cmd="start">Start</button><button class="command-btn" data-cmd="stop">Stop</button></div>{% endfor %}
</div><script>
document.querySelectorAll('.command-btn').forEach(btn => {btn.addEventListener('click', async () => {const robotId = btn.closest('.robot-card').dataset.id;const command = btn.dataset.cmd;await fetch(`/api/robots/${robotId}/command/`, {method: 'POST',body: JSON.stringify({command: command}),headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}});});
});
</script>
路由配置（urls.py）
from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from . import viewsrouter = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'robots', views.RobotViewSet)
router.register(r'tasks', views.TaskViewSet)urlpatterns = [path('api/', include(router.urls)),path('control/', views.control_panel, name='control_panel'),
]
机器人通信接口（apis.py）
import requests
from django.conf import settingsdef send_command_to_robot(robot_ip, command):try:response = requests.post(f'http://{robot_ip}:{settings.ROBOT_PORT}/command',json={'command': command},timeout=5)return response.status_code == 200except requests.exceptions.RequestException:return False
该系统需要配合以下组件使用：
- Django REST framework 用于API接口
- WebSocket或轮询机制实现实时状态更新
- 每个机器人端需要运行对应的HTTP服务接收命令
- Celery可用于异步任务调度